Jurnal Info Kesehatan with registered number ISSN 0216-504X (Print), 2620-536X (Online) is a scientific journal which managed by the Research and Community Service Unit, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang in cooperation with Indonesian Oral Health and Therapists Association with the MoU. The journal is registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.31965. This journal focuses on the publication of the results of scientific research related to the field of health. The published article originated from internal and external academicians Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Kupang. This journal is published by the Research and Community Service Unit, Potekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Indonesia. Jurnal Info Kesehatan is a periodical issue that contains research articles or research results equivalent to the results of research and thought results in the field of health, is original and has never been published before. Jurnal Info Kesehatan is expected to be a medium for delivering scientific findings and innovations in the fields of public health, environmental and occupational health, maternity and midwifery, nutrition and dietetics, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) services engaged in the field of hospital services and health center, as well as health practitioners and other institutions. Jurnal Info Kesehatan is published 4 times a year (March, June, September and December). Jurnal Info Kesehatan is a peer-reviewed journal and open-access journal focusing on health sciences. This focus includes areas and scope related to aspects of public health, environmental and occupational health, maternity and midwifery, nutrition and dietetics, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmaceutics (miscellaneous). Every article that goes to the editorial staff will be selected through Initial Review processes by the Editorial Board. Then, the articles will be sent to the peer reviewer and will go to the next selection by the Double-Blind Review Process. After that, the articles will be returned to the authors for revision. These processes take four months for a maximum time. In each manuscript, peer reviewers will be rated from the substantial and technical aspects. The final decision of articles acceptance will be made by the Editors according to the Reviewer's comments. Peer reviewer who collaborated with Jurnal Info Kesehatan is an expert in the health area and issues around it. Please read these guidelines carefully. Authors who want to submit their manuscript to the editorial office of Jurnal Info Kesehatan should obey the writing guidelines. If the manuscript submitted is not appropriate with the guidelines or written in a different format, it will BE REJECTED by the editors before further review. The editors will only accept the manuscripts which meet the assigned format.
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Theory of Planned Behavior’s Method on Knowledge and Preventive Behavior Toward Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that has become a global health concern, with Indonesia being the country with the second-highest number of pulmonary TB cases after India. The level of knowledge and preventive behavior regarding TB significantly influences both the spread and the success of TB treatment. This study aims to evaluate the impact of health education based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on TB prevention knowledge and behavior among patients. The study design utilized a quasi-experimental approach with control and intervention groups, where the intervention was administered through face-to-face education and followed by smart chat support sessions for one month. A total of 50 respondents participated, divided into treatment and control groups. Data analysis employed the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Mann-Whitney tests. The study results show that the statistical analysis indicated a significant improvement in knowledge and preventive behavior in the intervention group post-intervention (p=0.000), while the control group showed no significant change. The finding of this this improvement suggests that TPB-based interventions, which encompass attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, are effective in influencing health behavior changes. The conclusion is TPB-based health education through face-to-face sessions and smart chat follow-ups can be recommended as an intervention strategy to enhance TB prevention knowledge and behavior among high-risk populations.
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Contribution of Household Sanitation to Acute Respiratory Infection Symptoms Among Children: Analysis of the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey
Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) remain one of the primary causes of mortality among children under 5 in Indonesia, and poor inadequate drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions can exacerbated the transmission of respiratory pathogens. However, their association with ARIs in Indonesia remains underreported. This study aimed to analyze the contribution of these sanitation conditions to ARI symptoms in children under five in Indonesia. This research method was cross-sectional quantitative design study based on secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), based on secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), which was the most recent available at the time of the study. The determined sample consisted all toddlers aged 0-59 months, from women aged 15-49 years. The weighted sample that met the inclusion criteria (children aged 0-59 months, living with their parents, willing to answer questions) and exclusion criteria (missing data and "don't know" answers) consisted of 16,681 observations. Independent variables included sanitation infrastructure, mother’s education, wealth index, and residential location. The dependent variable was reported ARI symptoms in 2 weeks prior to the interview by their mother. Data were analyzed using CI 95% logistic regression to determine associations, and pathway analysis was conducted to explore the direct and indirect relationships among variables. Poor toilet facilities [OR: 1.80, CI: 1.46-2,27] increased the risk of ARI symptom, meanwhile treated water before consumption reduce the risk [OR:0.63, CI:0.51-0.77]. Long travel distances to clean water aslo were found as factor that increased the risk of ARI symptoms [OR:2.31, CI:0.65-3.02]. Indirect factors such as low mother’s education, low wealth index, and rural residency, also contributed to ARI symptoms in children. In conclusion, inadequate household sanitation significantly contribute to ARI symptoms in children under five in Indonesia. These findings underscore the need for improved sanitation infrastructure and targeted health interventions in vulnerable communities.
Differences in Lead Levels on Doors and Walls of Children's Homes: A Cross-sectional Study in Java, Indonesia
Children are one of the most vulnerable groups to lead exposure. Exposure in children is primarily related to hand-to-mouth activities and environmental conditions. Studies on lead level in homes measurements, which are linked to blood lead levels in children, are still rare. The objective of the study was to identify lead levels on painted surfaces, consisting of doors and walls, in the homes of children aged 12-59 months who had high blood lead levels (≥ 20 μg/dl). The method was a cross- sectional study conducted in Java, Indonesia, comparing lead exposed and unexposed in areas with battery recycling activities to a demographically similar control area without such activities (Cinangneng-Bogor). The results showed among the 145 inspected homes in the exposed areas, 40 were measured on doors and 93 on walls; meanwhile among the 240 inspected homes in the unexposed areas, 35 were measured on doors and 36 on walls. In the exposed areas, the lead levels at the door ranged from 0.00 µg/cm2 – 891.36 µg/cm2 and it was not different (p = 0,671) from that in the unexposed areas, i.e. ranged from 0.00 µg/cm2 – 537.03 µg/cm2. Meanwhile, the lead levels at the walls in the exposed areas were measured ranged from 0.00 µg/cm2 – 279.21 µg/cm2 (median 0.65 µg/cm2), and it was significantly different (p <0.001) from that in the unexposed area, i.e. ranged from 0.00 µg/cm2 – 45.64 µg/cm2 (median 0.00 µg/cm2). The findings of lead exposure in the children’s homes lead to a strong recommendation to regulate the elimination of lead in the household paints, and to escalate community concern of domestic lead hazards.
Phoenix Dactylifera Accelerates Duration The Active Phase of The First Stage of Labor: A Quasi Experiment
Cases of prolonged labor in women in the world are still quite high. Inadequate uterine contractions are the main cause of complications in women's deaths worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Phoenix Dactylifera on the length of labor in the active phase of the first stage. This research was carried out through a Quasi-Experimental design Quasi-Experimental. The 60 participants were divided into 2 groups, the intervention group (30 participants) and control (30 participants) at the Kediri Regency Health Center. Sampling uses simple random sampling. The intervention group was given 70 grams of phoenix dactylifera fruit daily from 37 weeks of gestation until labor, while the control group was given standard care. The results of the Paired t-test, the average length of labor in the first stage of the active phase in the intervension group (m=90.57, SD=56.507) p-value 0.000, and the control group (m= 271.33, SD=151.361) p-value 0.100. The difference in the average of the two groups is tested using an independent t-test. The difference in mean length of labor in the first stage of the active phase posttest in the intervention vs. the control group (m=90.57, SD=56.507vs m=271.33, SD=151.361) p-value 0.000. The difference in length of labor in the first stage of the active phase in the two groups was 180.76 minutes/ (3 hours 36 minutes). The Phoenix Dactylifera can shorten duration of the active phase of labor in the first stage of labor. It is recommended for health workers to give phoenix Dactylifera at the right dose to pregnant women in the third trimester to increase stamina during pregnancy and good uterine contractions.
Adherence to Antiretroviral Theraphy and Associated Factors Among People Living with HIV in Surakarta
The Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presents a major public health challenge due to its association with high mortality and morbidity rates. Infection HIV occurs when the virus attacks the body’s immune system at a cellular level. Without treatment, this can progress to the most advanced stage, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). For people living with HIV (PLWHIV), lifelong treatment with antiretroviral (ARV) medication is necessary. This continuing therapy works to reduce the amount of virus in the blood, lowering the risk of transmission, preventing secondary infections, and improving the patient's general life quality. The success and effectiveness of ARV therapy depends on PLWHIV adherence. Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy decreases its effectiveness and increases viral replication. Therapy adherence indicates that the patient understands the value of receiving therapy and follows the instructions. Knowledge is an important role in therapy compliance. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the VCT Polyclinic of the Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta, between April and July 2024. The target population included all patients who received a positive HIV diagnosis. A total of 60 patients from this group were selected to participate using a purposive sampling strategy. Bivariate analysis was then used to investigate the relationship between variables, with the Spearmean Rank statistical test. The study result showed that 21 patients with poor level of knowledge had low compliance (92.9%), followed by patients with intermediate level of knowledge with moderate compliance 10 (60.0%), and patients with high level of knowledge with high compliance 29 (69.4%). A statistically significant, moderately strong positive relationship (r=0.572, p < 0.001) was found between patient knowledge and adherence to ARV therapy at the VCT polyclinic of Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. This suggests that PLWHIV who receive adequately informed patients are more likely to adhere to their treatment plans. Therefore, improving patient compliance requires implementing robust educational programs and conducting further research to uncover other influencing factors.
Associated Factors of Housewives' Behavior in Managing Domestic Waste
The volume of waste increases each year; however, household waste management remains inadequate. Housewives are often seen as the key individuals responsible for managing waste at home. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors influencing housewives' behavior toward household waste management in Terusan Village, located in the Mempawah Hilir District. This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June, involving a sample of 85 housewives selected through total sampling. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results indicated no correlation between housewives' behavior in waste management and their age (p-value = 0.414), education level (p-value = 0.107), knowledge (p-value = 0.364), attitude (p-value = 0.439), availability of facilities (p-value = 0.207), or distance to temporary disposal sites (p-value = 0.438). In contrast, the study found a significant correlation between employment status (p-value = 0.001), family income (p-value = 0.007), and family support (p-value = 0.020) with the behavior of housewives in household waste management. The findings suggest that while demographic factors like age, education, and knowledge do not significantly impact waste management practices, employment status, family income, and support from family members do play a critical role in shaping housewives' behavior in waste management in Terusan Village.
Comprehension Level and Parenting Culture with Feeding Behavior of Toddlers in Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia
Malnutrition in infancy is irreversible on growth and development, so toddlers need adequate and quality food intake. The factors that indirectly cause malnutrition in toddlers are parenting patterns. Mothers’ parenting patterns that are not good in feeding toddlers can be caused by low mothers’ comprehension and behavior in choosing food. This study aims to know comprehension level and parenting culture with the feeding behavior of toddlers in Tulungagung Regency. This study used an analytical observational research design with a cross-sectional study approach. The respondents amounted to 72 mothers of toddlers. The research instrument used a questionnaire and then analyzed using a chi-square test. The majority of mothers with toddlers had good comprehension about nutrition and food intake for toddlers, ideal parenting culture, and adequate feeding behavior. Based on the analysis using chi-square, the comprehension level had a relationship with feeding behavior in toddlers (p-value of 0.013), while parenting culture had no relationship with feeding behavior in toddlers (p-value of 0.270). The conclusion is there is a relationship between the comprehension level and the feeding behavior of toddlers and there is no relationship between parenting culture and the feeding behavior of toddlers.
Development of Spray Made From Kelakai Leaves (Stenochlaena palustris) and Effectiveness in the Healing of Perineal Wounds
The prognosis or possible diagnosis in postpartum mothers with perineal suture wounds is the possibility of infection of perenium suture wounds. Kelakai leaf plants are plants that contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and tripenoids. This study aims to innovate and develop perineal wound medicine using kelakai leaf spray and analyze its effectiveness based on REEDA scale indicators (redness,edema, ecchymosis, discharge, approximation). This study uses a quantitative method with a Reseach and development approach. The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling with a type of purposive sampling selecting 34 respondents, who are divided directly between the two groups. The intervention group received treatment of perineal wounds for 7 days with kelakai leaf spray and education on how to treat perineal wounds, while the control group received treatment with placebo spray and education on how to treat perineal wounds. The spray is administered four times a day with a dose of four sprays. Wound healing was measured by the REEDA Scale on days 3, 5, and 7. A tool to measure hb levels with digital hb, to measure protein intake, calorie intake, and fe intake using food recall. Data analysis includes Friedman and Mann Whitney as well as Stratification. The results showed that there was a difference in the average healing of perineal wounds at the observation time between the intervention group and the control group (p=0.000). On average, the difference in perineal wound healing using the REEDA scale showed a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group (p=0.000). A value of 3.2 is considered a relatively large measure of effect. The irritation test obtained results that did not cause irritation, In conclusion, the developed Kelakai leaf spray was effective in helping to accelerate the healing of perineal wounds, as evidenced by the difference in the mean healing time of perineal wounds with the SIGINFIC REEDA scale in postpartum mothers in the intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.000).
The Activity of Older People Determining Their Functional Abilities During Old Age: A Cross-Sectional Study in Two Major Cities In Indonesia
Amidst Indonesia's aging population, this study explores key determinants influencing productivity, the indicators of functional abilities, among older adults in diverse urban/rural settings of East Java and Yogyakarta. The study design used a cross-sectional study surveyed 220 adults (≥60 years; mean age 65.3) via stratified probability sampling. Structured questionnaires assessed holistic health (biological, psychological, social, spiritual, cultural), active ageing determinants (social, habitual, physical, personal, economic, service access), and elderly capability improvement (physical, mental, social, spiritual, cultural health). Binary logistic regression identified predictors of productivity status. The study results showed that holistic health conditions (Exp(B) = 0.983, p = 0.050), active ageing determinants (Exp(B) = 1.16, p =0.000), and improvements in elderly capabilities (Exp(B) = 1.090, p = 0.005) were significant positive predictors of productivity. This Indonesian study demonstrates that specific active ageing determinants and enhanced capabilities are more critical to elderly productivity than general holistic health in a multivariate context. It highlights the need for targeted, regionally adaptable community interventions and age-friendly policies to support productive aging.
Learning Endotracheal Tube and Laryngeal Mask Airway Intubation with Android Applications for Nursing Students
E-learning in anesthesiology nursing faces challenges like finding practice materials, mastering ETT and LMA techniques, and tool damage. This research aims to develop an android application model to support valid and effective learning for endotracheal tube and laryngeal mask airway intubation for nursing students.This research uses Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4D model by Thiagarajan and just untill a limited group trial. Quantitative method of data collection techniques using a questionnaire. Questionnaire given to material experts and media experts to test product eligibility and use of knowledge questionnaires as well and also System Usability Scale for students to test the effectiveness and acceptance. Result of this research show that the material experts assessment was 92.00% which was classified as very feasible and media experts was 98.52% which was classified as very feasible. Results of pretest and posttest analyzed by wilcoxon test from 34 students obtained results of 0.000 which were significant as well. System Usability Scale result was 85.66 classified acceptable with adjective rating B or good. This Android- based application is very feasible and can be used as a support for learning on the topic or material for ETT intubation and LMA intubation.
Application of The Family Support Model to Increase Elderly Independence
Elderly independence is essential for maintaining quality of life and functional ability. Family involvement has been shown to support this independence, but evidence from quasi-experimental studies in Indonesia remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Family Support Model on elderly independence in selected Public Health Center areas of Yogyakarta and Central Java. A quasi-experimental design with pre-post-test control group was conducted from March to October 2022. A total of 96 elderly participants without chronic illness were purposively assigned to experimental (n=48) and control groups (n=48). The intervention applied the Family Support Model, which included family education, structured assistance with daily activities, weekly follow-ups, and joint problem-solving involving families and health personnel. Independence was assessed using a validated questionnaire based on the Katz Index, covering both Basic (BADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Measurements were conducted at baseline, and at one, two, and three months post-intervention. Results showed a significant increase in self-care independence in the experimental group from 0% to 97.8%, and a decrease in self-care deficit from 63% to 2.2%. In contrast, the control group showed modest improvements, with independence increasing from 0% to 32.6%, and deficit decreasing from 78.3% to 67.4%. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences between groups over time (p < 0.001). The conclusion is the Family Support Model is effective in enhancing elderly independence. It can be adopted as a practical, community-based intervention to sustain daily functioning and improve the quality of life among older adults.
Effectiveness of Effleurage Massage in Reducing Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Pregnant Women Aged 20–35 Years in Gorontalo
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) remain a major contributor to maternal mortality, particularly due to complications such as preeclampsia and eclampsia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 585,000 maternal deaths occur annually, with more than half related to HDP. This study aimed to analyze the effect of effleurage massage on blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant women in Gorontalo City, Indonesia. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach was applied. Sixty pregnant women aged 20–39 years, with gestational age 20–36 weeks and systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, were recruited through purposive sampling. Participants received effleurage massage on the upper body for 20 minutes daily over five consecutive days. Blood pressure was measured before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests. The results showed significant reductions in mean systolic blood pressure (from 146.9 ± 3.7 to 132.0 ± 4.0 mmHg; p = 0.000) and diastolic blood pressure (from 88.3 ± 4.0 to 77.6 ± 4.1 mmHg; p = 0.000). Effleurage massage demonstrated a consistent lowering effect across all participants. This non-pharmacological intervention may serve as a safe complementary approach to antenatal care for mild HDP. Future randomized controlled trials are recommended to confirm its efficacy and to explore maternal–fetal outcomes.
Community Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Filariasis: Insights from Papua, Indonesia
The rising incidence of filariasis cases necessitates heightened vigilance, particularly given the limited public awareness about this disease. This study aims to explore community knowledge and attitudes regarding filariasis in Jayawijaya Regency, Papua. Utilizing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the research population comprised all household heads in Itanggen Village, Wolo District. A total of 34 household heads participated as informants, representing each family unit. Data collection employed structured questionnaires followed by in-depth interviews. Findings revealed that 3 filariasis cases was found, accounting for 38.2% (n=13) of respondents demonstrated good knowledge about filariasis, while 61.8% (n=21) showed inadequate understanding. Regarding preventive attitudes, 55.9% (n=19) exhibited positive attitudes toward filariasis prevention, whereas 44.1% (n=15) displayed less favorable attitudes. However, there was no significant relationship between community knowledge and filariasis case (p value=0.729). Also, there was no significant relationship between community attitude and filariasis incident (p value=0.830). These results highlight critical gaps in filariasis knowledge despite moderately positive preventive attitudes, suggesting the need for targeted health education interventions in this endemic region. The study provides valuable baseline data for public health planning in Papua's filariasis control programs.
Determinant Factors of Stunting Among Toddlers in Riverbank Areas: A Case-Control Study
Stunting remains a critical issue of chronic malnutrition, especially in regions with abundant food resources but poor sanitation and nutrition education. This study aims to analyze the determinants of stunting among toddlers in the riverbank areas of Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. A case-control design was used, involving 142 children (72 cases and 70 controls) selected randomly from two villages. Variables examined include the dietary patterns of children and pregnant women, maternal nutritional status (chronic energy deficiency), exclusive breastfeeding, a history of infections, drinking water sanitation, and household food expenditure. Multivariate logistic regression revealed six significant determinants of stunting: poor maternal diet (OR=5.404), maternal undernutrition (OR=11.546), lack of exclusive breastfeeding (OR=3.198), inadequate toddler diet (OR=2.600), unboiled tap water consumption (OR=2.767), and high household food expenditure (OR=6.111). Despite being a food-rich region, the high stunting prevalence reflects structural issues in maternal education, childcare practices, and sanitation access. These findings highlight the need for contextual, integrated, and community-based interventions targeting the First 1000 Days of Life. Stunting prevention efforts should prioritize maternal nutrition education, exclusive breastfeeding promotion, improved sanitation, and the utilization of local resources and village funding.
The Reappearance of Menstruation After Childbirth Associated with Contraceptive Use Among Women of Reproductive Age in Kyrgyzstan
The return of menstruation after childbirth is an important aspect of women's reproductive health, especially in the context of contraceptive use. This study aims to explore how the return of menstruation after childbirth is closely connected to contraceptive use, with various factors such as age, marital status, region, place of residence, education level, ethnicity, and wealth index in Kyrgyzstan playing a role. This study employed secondary data from the Kyrgyzstan 2023 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), focusing on women of reproductive age (15-49 years). The analysis utilized a final sample of 1.059 women and applied binary logistic regression to examine the relationship between contraceptive use and the return of menstruation after childbirth while controlling for factors such as age, marital status, region, education level, ethnicity, and wealth index. The study found that among 1.059 women who had given birth, 30.88% were using contraceptive methods, and 64.68% experienced the return of menstruation post-childbirth. The multivariate analysis indicates that menstrual return after giving birth, having marital status formerly married/in union, in Naryn, Talas, and Chui region, and having the richest wealth index significantly influence contraceptive use among women of reproductive age. These results underscore the importance of comprehensive sexual health education, improved healthcare services, and targeted communication strategies to increase contraceptive use in the region.
Nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa Extract Improves the Developmental Process in High Glucose-Induced Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is hyperglycemia during pregnancy, which can increase oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This oxidative stress can adversely affect fetal developmental processes, including body length, ocular development, blood flow, and heart rate. Curcuma longa extract, containing curcumin, has been shown to possess antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Nanoemulsions have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of herbal compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa extract on body length, ocular apoptosis, blood flow, and heart rate in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to high glucose concentrations. Zebrafish has many benefits as it has 70% orthologous genes with humans, high fecundity, and rapid embryogenesis. Nanoemulsions were prepared using the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) technique. Embryos were allocated to five groups: control, 3% glucose, and 3% glucose with 1.25, 2.5, or 5 µg/mL nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa extract. The results showed that a 1.25 µg/mL nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa extract reduced phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression, increased body length, and mitigated developmental process disorders by decreasing ocular apoptosis and maintaining blood flow and heart rate in high glucose-induced zebrafish embryos. These findings suggest that a nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa extract may have potential therapeutic applications in managing the adverse effects of hyperglycemia on fetal development in GDM.
Filtration Tube Model Utilizing Coconut Husk for Domestic Wastewater Treatment: Oil Removal Method
The presence of oil and fat in household wastewater is a significant water pollutant, as it is typically disposed of without prior treatment. Coconut husks are a promising material that can be used as a filter medium. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of coconut fiber filtration in the treatment of domestic wastewater. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests but no control group. Wastewater was passed through tubs filled with coconut husk. Three different filtration tub models were tested: Model A single baffle, Model B with three baffles, and Model C with no baffle. Oil content was monitored on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days in milligrams per liter. A Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test was conducted to compare the results of oil content reduction between filter models. The results revealed significant differences in the mean oil content reduction among the various tub models. The percentage of oil reduction reaches 95-99%. Furthermore, the Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference between Models A and C. However, considerable differences were identified between Models A and C, as well as between Models B and C. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the effectiveness of coconut husk filters in reducing oil levels, with nearly the maximum observed reduction achieved by the 28th day. Additionally, it is recommended to explore the long-term sustainability and potential applications of coconut husk filters in various oil removal scenarios.
Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Bioactive Compound Profiling of Sargassum sp. Ethanol Extract: Potential for Antimalarial Application
Sargassum sp., a brown macroalga abundant in Indonesia's coastal ecosystems, has garnered attention for its diverse bioactive compounds with pharmacological potential. However, its application as a natural antimalarial and antioxidant agent remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the secondary metabolites in ethanol extracts of Sargassum sp. and evaluate their antioxidant and potential antimalarial activities. Ethanol extraction was conducted using the maceration technique, followed by phytochemical screening, FT-IR, and GC-MS analyses to characterize the extract. The results revealed the presence of saponins, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids. FT-IR and GC-MS confirmed compounds associated with antioxidant and antimalarial properties. The extract exhibited notable antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 26.16 ppm. These findings highlight the potential of ethanol-extracted Sargassum sp. as a promising source for the development of safer, resistance-limiting antimalarial and antioxidant agents.
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Delivery by Caesarean Section of the Vietnamese Population: A Cross-sectional study
The rising trend of caesarean deliveries in Vietnam, influenced by various social and demographic factors, has raised public health policy concerns as many procedures are performed without clear medical indications. This study seeks to explore the relationship between socio-demographic factors and the likelihood of caesarean section deliveries within the Vietnamese population. This study employed a cross-sectional design using data from the Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2020–2021, which utilized a two-stage stratified cluster sampling method to ensure national representativeness. The analysis focused on 1,049 women aged 15–49 who had at least one child. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires and analyzed using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression to examine associations between socio-demographic factors and caesarean section deliveries. Based on data from 1,343 Vietnamese women, this study found that 32.84% of deliveries were by caesarean section (CS). Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between CS and factors such as maternal age, education, residence, wealth, and place of delivery. However, multivariate logistic regression revealed that only maternal age, household wealth, and place of delivery remained significant predictors. Older women and those from wealthier households had higher odds of CS, while births at commune health centers were less likely to involve CS. Education level and rural residence were not independently associated with CS after adjustment.
Association Between Menstruation Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Gender Norms Among Female Adolescents in Rural Nigeria: Analysis of AGILE-IE 2023
Despite heightened global focus on menstrual health and gender equality, adolescent girls in rural Nigeria still encounter significant deficiencies in knowledge and attitudes. Misinformation and cultural taboos regarding menstruation perpetuate negative gender norms, thereby constraining the empowerment and participation of girls. This study examines the relationship between adolescent girls' menstrual knowledge and their attitudes toward gender norms in rural areas of three northern Nigerian states. This is a cross-sectional study that utilized secondary data from the World Bank’s AGILE Impact Evaluation 2023, with a sample of 8,188 in-school adolescent girls aged 15–20 from Kaduna, Kano, and Katsina States in northern Nigeria. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between knowledge of menstruation and gender attitudes, controlling for religion, state, place of residence, and boarding school attendance. Good menstrual knowledge was found to be very poor among the adolescent girls (2.80%), and their gender attitudes were also abysmal (96.91%). Adolescent girls possessing good menstrual knowledge demonstrated an almost twofold likelihood of exhibiting positive gender attitudes (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.13–3.51, p = 0.018). Muslim adolescents, as well as those residing in Kano and Katsina states, exhibited a notable decrease in the likelihood of possessing progressive gender attitudes. Urban residency correlated with improved gender attitudes, whereas attendance at boarding schools exhibited no notable impact. Poor understanding of menstruation is linked to poor gender attitudes among female adolescents in rural northern Nigeria. Integrating menstrual health education programs with sensitization about gender norms is essential for enhancing girls' empowerment and addressing discriminatory norms. Therefore, policies must consider sociocultural and religious influences that shape adolescent gender ideologies.
The Impact of Caesarean Section and Place of Delivery on Utilization of Postpartum Care in Bangladesh
Postpartum care is a critical component of maternal health, as it helps prevent complications and ensures the well-being of both mother and newborn. Despite global improvements in maternal healthcare, disparities in postpartum care utilization remain a significant public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh. This study aimed to examine the impact of caesarean section and place of delivery on the utilization of postpartum care among women in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted using nationally representative survey data, analyzing women who had delivered at health facilities. Univariate analysis described the distribution of sociodemographic characteristics and delivery-related factors, while bivariate analysis employed Chi-square tests to examine associations between independent variables and postpartum care utilization. Multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression assessed the adjusted impact of caesarean section, place of delivery, prenatal care, and household wealth on postpartum care uptake. The results revealed that women who delivered by non-caesarean section were 55% less likely to utilize postpartum care compared to those delivered via caesarean section. Women who delivered at private health facilities were 1.22 times more likely to utilize postpartum care than those at public facilities. Not receiving prenatal care decreased the probability of postpartum care by 55%, while women from the fourth wealth quintile and richest households were 1.58 and 2.60 times more likely, respectively, to access postpartum services compared to the poorest households. These findings underscore the importance of promoting equitable access to postpartum care, particularly for women delivering vaginally, at public facilities, or from lower-income households. Targeted policies that train providers in standardized postpartum care, strengthen follow-up through digital reminders and community health workers, and expand access in underserved areas can reduce disparities and improve maternal health outcomes in Bangladesh.
Impact of Access to Mass Media and ICT on Knowledge of HIV Transmission During Pregnancy Among Women of Reproductive Age in the Republic of Fiji
Access to accurate health information plays a pivotal role in shaping women’s awareness and practices regarding HIV prevention, particularly during pregnancy. Mass media and information and communication technology (ICT) serve as crucial platforms for disseminating knowledge that can reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This study aims to examine the impact of access to mass media and ICT on women’s knowledge of HIV transmission during pregnancy. This study utilized secondary data from the 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) in Fiji, conducted by the Fiji Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with UNICEF. A total of 3,649 women aged 15–49 years were included after excluding missing values. The outcome variable was knowledge of HIV transmission during pregnancy, while main independent variables were access to mass media and ICT, along with sociodemographic factors. Data analysis consisted of univariate, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression, with significance set at p <0.05. The findings revealed that only 59.36% of women correctly identified that HIV can be transmitted during pregnancy. The findings revealed that only 59.36% of women correctly identified that HIV can be transmitted during pregnancy. Several factors were significantly associated with HIV knowledge, including internet use, mobile phone ownership, reading newspapers, age group, marital status, and education. Among these, internet use and reading newspapers were found to substantially increase the likelihood of having HIV knowledge, while higher education and older age served as strong predictors. In contrast, women from the richest households and those who had never married showed lower odds of being knowledgeable about HIV transmission during pregnancy. Access to mass media, ICT, age, marital status, and education significantly influenced women’s knowledge of HIV transmission during pregnancy. These findings highlight the need to integrate HIV education into antenatal care, community programs, and digital platforms to improve maternal knowledge.
Relationship between Growth and Development with Nutritional Status Profile of Children Aged 0-5 Years
Stunting remains a major concern in Indonesia, particularly in Jungkat Village, where early detection is crucial for mitigating its impact on child growth and development. While the Pre-Screening Development Questionnaire (KPSP) is commonly used to assess child development, its relationship with nutritional status remains unclear. This study is aimed to determine the nutritional status, KPSP category, and the relationship between these variables in children aged 0-5 years in Jungkat Village. A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted from June to August 2023 in Jungkat Village, Mempawah Regency. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University. A total of 400 children aged 0 to 5 years and 11 months were selected using participatory sampling. Height, weight, and KPSP scores were measured following standardized guidelines, and nutritional status was categorized based on height-for-age, weight-for-age, and BMI-for-age indices. Ordinal logistic regression was performed using R to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and KPSP scores. The prevalence of stunting was 36.3% (10.5% severely stunted, 25.8% stunted), while 5.2% had very low weight and 19.2% were underweight. BMI analysis showed 80% had values within the normal range, while 2.2% were overweight, 0.2% obese, and 2.4% severely wasted. In terms of child development, 77.75% exhibited normal development, 19.75% required reassessment, and 2.5% showed developmental deviations. However, no significant correlation was found between nutritional status and KPSP scores (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that factors beyond nutritional status, such as environmental conditions and parenting practices, may have a greater influence on child development. Thus, national nutritional standards should be adapted to local ecological and genetic characteristics to improve the effectiveness of nutritional and health interventions. Further research integrating socio-environmental factors is recommended to gain a more comprehensive understanding of child development determinants.
Probiotic Edamame Yoghurt: A Study on Sensory, Microbiological, and Physicochemical Properties of Fermentation Using Mixed Cultures
One of the primary risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that caused deaths is hypercholesterolemia, which can be identified by high levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Dietary interventions, involving the consumption of soy protein, have been indicated to be effective in reducing LDL cholesterol levels. Edamame, a kind of soybean, is a potential source of soy protein that could be processed into functional foods. The aim of the research was to evaluate the chemical and sensory properties of edamame yoghurt fermented with lactic acid bacteria and probiotic bacteria, potentially contributing to a cholesterol-lowering benefit. The research methodology was a two-factor Randomized Block Design (RBD). The edamame yoghurt was made by combining edamame juice, skim milk powder, and sugar, followed by heat (80-85 °C for 15 minutes), and cooling to 45 °C. The mixture was then inoculated with a combination of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) and probiotic bacteria (Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus). Fermentation proceeded at 37 °C for 7 hours. The pH, total titratable acidity, lactic acid bacteria count, and soluble protein content were analysed. Sensory properties were evaluated using preference and hedonic tests. The results exhibited that the combination of bacterial cultures significantly affected (p<0.05) pH, total soluble protein, and sensory properties of the yoghurt. Bifidobacterium bifidum led to higher acidity pH (3.73-3.78), while Lactobacillus acidophilus resulted in the lowest titratable acidity (0.55-0.63%). The combination of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus improved flavor, texture, and fermentation efficiency. The yoghurt’s texture was smooth due to proteolytic activity by lactic acid bacteria. Edamame yoghurt's green color fades during fermentation, and its aroma is less favoured according to panelists, but its creamy texture and mildly acidic taste make it appealing overall. Edamame yoghurt, a source of soy protein fermented with lactic acid and probiotic bacteria, shows potential for cholesterol reduction.
The Relationship between Prediabetes and Prehypertension with Vascular Elasticity in Medical Students
Prediabetes and prehypertension are known to affect vascular elasticity, and the prevalence of these conditions among young adults is increasing. This study examines the relationship between prediabetes and prehypertension with vascular elasticity in medical students. The study utilized a cross-sectional design and the technique of simple random sampling, involving a total of 69 students. The research subjects' criteria were medical students aged 18–25 years who were non-smokers, did not consume alcohol, had no history of diabetes or hypertension, and were not taking medications affecting blood pressure or blood glucose levels. Vascular elasticity, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels were measured using an Accelerated Photoplethysmograph Analyzer SA-3000P, a digital sphygmomanometer, and a glucometer, respectively. The findings indicated no differences in gender, BMI, age, and physical activity between the suboptimal vascular elasticity and the normal+optimal elasticity groups (p > 0.05). The Chi-square test identified significant differences in vascular elasticity between the prediabetes and normal groups (p = 0.009; PR = 1.6; CI = 1.1–2.2), the prehypertension and normal groups (p = 0.026; PR = 1.5; CI = 1.1–2.2), and the prediabetes+prehypertension and normal groups (p = 0.002; PR = 3.5; CI = 1.4–8.3). These findings indicate that prediabetes, prehypertension, or both conditions are associated with reduced vascular elasticity.