Analisis Kondisi Sanitasi Lingkungan Rumah Balita Penderita Stunting di Kelurahan Liliba

Abstract

Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk kondisi sanitasi lingkungan rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis komponen fisik rumah, sarana sanitasi dasar, kualitas lingkungan, serta perilaku penghuni pada rumah balita penderita stunting di Kelurahan Liliba. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi menggunakan formulir Inspeksi Rumah Sehat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Agustus–Desember 2023 dengan sampel sebanyak 16 rumah balita stunting yang dipilih secara purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar rumah memiliki konstruksi yang memadai pada aspek dinding dan lantai, namun ventilasi masih tidak memenuhi syarat pada 62,5% rumah. Sarana sanitasi dasar juga belum optimal, di mana 68,75% rumah masih membuang air limbah ke selokan terbuka dan 62,5% tidak memiliki tempat sampah tertutup. Kondisi lingkungan menunjukkan keberadaan jentik nyamuk pada 31,25% rumah, serta adanya tikus dan kepadatan lalat pada 87,5% rumah. Perilaku penghuni terkait higiene dan sanitasi menunjukkan ketidakkonsistenan, khususnya dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga. Secara keseluruhan, 93,75% rumah dikategorikan tidak laik sehat. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa sanitasi lingkungan rumah di Kelurahan Liliba masih belum memenuhi standar kesehatan dan berpotensi berkontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting. Perbaikan sarana dasar, pengendalian vektor, serta peningkatan edukasi perilaku hidup bersih menjadi rekomendasi utama.

 

Stunting is a public health problem that is influenced by various factors, including the sanitary conditions of the home environment. This study aims to analyze the physical components of the house, basic sanitation facilities, environmental quality, and resident behavior in the house of stunted toddlers in Liliba Village. The study used a descriptive design with data collection through interviews and observations using the Healthy Home Inspection form. The research was carried out in August-December 2023 with a sample of 16 stunted toddler houses that were purposively selected. The results showed that most houses have adequate construction in terms of walls and floors, but ventilation is still not qualified in 62.5% of houses. Basic sanitation facilities are also not optimal, where 68.75% of houses still dump wastewater into open sewers and 62.5% do not have closed garbage cans. Environmental conditions showed the presence of mosquito larvae in 31.25% of houses, as well as the presence of rats and fly density in 87.5% of houses. Residents' behavior related to hygiene and sanitation shows inconsistencies, especially in household waste management. Overall, 93.75% of houses are categorized as unhealthy. This finding confirms that the sanitation of the home environment in Liliba Village still does not meet health standards and has the potential to contribute to stunting incidence. Improving basic facilities, vector control, and improving education on clean living behaviors are the main recommendations.