Prenatal Covid-19 on Toddler Development

Authors

  • Seri Pasongli Department of Midwifery, Graduate School, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • Budu Budu Department of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • Mardiana Ahmad Department of Midwifery, Graduate School, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • Prihantono Prihantono Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • Healthy Hidayanti Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • M. Aryadi Arsyad Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31965/infokes.Vol21.Iss2.1176

Keywords:

Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, Prenatal, Toddler Development

Abstract

Along with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in reports of confirmed cases of pregnant women with COVID-19. Exposure to the virus in pregnancy can affect the fetus and result in long-term vulnerability to abnormalities in the child's brain development. This study aimed to determine the impact of prenatal Covid-19 on the development of toddlers. The research method uses observational cross-sectional analysis. Secondary data on confirmed Covid-19 mothers were obtained from Prof. RD Kandou General Hospital, Wolter Monginsidi Hospital, and Manado Adventist Hospital. Primary data on toddler development using the KPSP Development Questionnaire instrument were obtained from 10 Community Health Centers in Manado City with a total of 92 respondents for two, 46 respondents were born to mothers with Covid-19 during the prenatal period and 46 toddlers were born to mothers who were not confirmed to have Covid-19 during the prenatal period. The results showed that there was no significant effect with a p-value of 0.562 for toddlers born to Covid-19 mothers on impaired gross motor, fine motor, socialization, and independence, speech, and language development. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that both toddlers born to Covid-19 mothers and toddlers who were not born to Covid-19 mothers are at risk of experiencing growth disturbances, especially toddlers born during the Covid-19 pandemic because there could be long-term effects that could occur in infants who are exposed to the virus during the prenatal/intrauterine period.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmad, S. N., Sameen, D., Dar, M. A., Jallu, R., Shora, T. N., & Dhingra, M. (2022). Do SARS-CoV-2-Infected Pregnant Women Have Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes as Compared to Non-Infected Pregnant Women? International Journal of Women's Health

, 14, 1201–1210. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s375739

Ayed, M., Embaireeg, A., Kartam, M., More, K., Alqallaf, M., AlNafisi, A., ... & Alkandari,

H. (2022). Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy: a national prospective study in Kuwait. BMC pediatrics, 22(1), 319. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03359-2

Badr, D. A., Picone, O., Bevilacqua, E., Carlin, A., Meli, F., Sibiude, J., ... & Vivanti, A. J. (2021). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and pregnancy outcomes according to gestational age at the time of infection. Emerging Infectious Diseases , 27 (10), 2535–2543. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2710.211394

Cheng, Y., Teng, H., Xiao, Y., Yao, M., Yin, J., & Sun, G. (2021). Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy on Infant Neurobehavioral Development: A Case-Control Study. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9 (December), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.762684

Curcio, A. M., Shekhawat, P., Reynolds, A. S., & Thakur, K. T. (2020). Neurologic infections during pregnancy. Handbook of clinical neurology, 172, 79–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64240-0.00005-2

Deoni, SC, Beauchemin, J., Volpe, A., Dâ Sa, V., & RESONANCE Consortium. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Child Cognitive Development: Initial Findings in a Longitudinal Observational Study of Child Health. MedRxiv : The Preprint Server for Health Sciences . https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.10.21261846

Dyer, O. (2021). Covid-19: Children born during the pandemic score lower on cognitive tests, study finds. BMJ, 374 , n2031. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2031

Goh, X. L., Low, Y. F., Ng, C. H., Amin, Z., & Ng, Y. P. M. (2021). Incidence of SARS-CoV-

vertical transmission: a meta-analysis. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 106(1), 112-113. https://doi.org/doi:10.1136/fetalneonatal-2020-

Hamidi, O. P., Lijewski, V., Sheeder, J., Powell, K., Dolph, E., Quayson, D., & Reeves, S. (2022). Adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies affected by severe COVID-19 infection. AJOG Global Reports, 2(4), 100118.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xagr.2022.100118

Huang, P., Zhou, F., Guo, Y., Yuan, S., Lin, S., Lu, J., ... & Qiu, X. (2021). Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and infant neurodevelopment: a comparison before and during COVID-19. Frontiers in pediatrics, 9, 662165.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.662165

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2022). COVID-19 . Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Retrieved from https://infinemerging.kemkes.go.id/

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2022). Pembaruan Epidemiologi Mingguan COVID-19 Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Metz, T. D., Clifton, R. G., Hughes, B. L., Sandoval, G. J., Grobman, W. A., Saade, G. R., ...

& Archer, S. W. (2022). Association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with serious maternal morbidity and mortality from obstetric complications. Jama, 327(8), 748-759.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.1190

Miguel, P. M., Pereira, L. O., Silveira, P. P., & Meaney, M. J. (2019). Early environmental influences on the development of children's brain structure and function. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 61(10), 1127-1133. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14182

Naidu, S. A., Clemens, R. A., Pressman, P., Zaigham, M., Kadkhoda, K., Davies, K. J., & Naidu, A. S. (2022). COVID-19 during Pregnancy and Postpartum: I) Pathobiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) at maternal-fetal interface. Journal of dietary supplements, 19(1), 115-142.

https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2020.1834049

Papadopoulos, A., Nichols, E. S., Mohsenzadeh, Y., Giroux, I., Mottola, M. F., Van Lieshout,

R. J., & Duerden, E. G. (2022). Prenatal and postpartum maternal mental health and neonatal motor outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 10, 100387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100387

Pinheiro, G. S. M. A., de Souza, R. C., de Oliveira Azevedo, V. M. G., Guimarães, N. S., Pires,

L. G., Lemos, S. M. A., & Alves, C. R. L. (2023). Effects of intrauterine exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on infants’ development: a rapid review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Pediatrics, 182(5), 2041-2055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-023-04910-8

Provenzi, L., Mambretti, F., Villa, M., Grumi, S., Citterio, A., Bertazzoli, E., & Borgatti, R.

(2021). Hidden pandemic: COVID-19-related stress, SLC6A4 methylation, and infants’ temperament at 3 months. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 15658.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95053-z

Rashighi, M., Agarwal, P., Richmond, J. M., Harris, T. H., Dresser, K., Su, M. W., Zhou, Y., Deng, A., Hunter, C. A., Luster, A. D., & Harris, J. E. (2014). CXCL10 is critical for the progression and maintenance of depigmentation in a mouse model of vitiligo. Science translational medicine, 6(223), 223ra23. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3007811

Shah, A. V., Howell, H. B., Kazmi, S. H., Zaccario, M., Sklamberg, F. E., Groth, T., &

Verma, S. (2023). Developmental screening of full-term infants at 16 to 18 months of age after in-utero exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Journal of Perinatology, 43(5), 659-663. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-023-01642-3

Shook, L. L., Sullivan, E. L., Lo, J. O., Perlis, R. H., & Edlow, A. G. (2022). COVID-19 in pregnancy: implications for fetal brain development. Trends in molecular medicine, 28(4), 319-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2022.02.004

Shuffrey, L. C., Firestein, M. R., Kyle, M. H., Fields, A., Alcántara, C., Amso, D., &

Dumitriu, D. (2022). Association of birth during the COVID-19 pandemic with neurodevelopmental status at 6 months in infants with and without in utero exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. JAMA pediatrics, 176(6), e215563-e215563.

https://doi.org/doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.5563

Soetjiningsih, S., & Gde Ranuh, IG. N. (2022). Tumbuh Kembang Anak Edisi 2. Jakarta: EGC University of Oxford. (2022). Our World in Data . Oxford Martin School, Oxford University.

https://tinyurl.com/4uxmebhw

Vazquez, S. V., Carrasco, I., Perez, A. P., Hernanz-Lobo, A., Manzanarez, Á., Márquez, E., ... & Navarro, M. L. (2021). Microbiological features and follow-up of neonates born to mothers with covid-19. Topics in Antiviral Medicine, 29(1),237.

Wang, X., Chen, X., & Zhang, K. (2022). Maternal infection with COVID-19 and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a meta-analysis. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 35(25), 9368-9375.

https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2022.2033722

Wei, S. Q., Bilodeau-Bertrand, M., Liu, S., & Auger, N. (2021). Increased pregnancy problems with COVID-19–meta-analysis and letter to editor–April 2021. CMAJ, 193(16), E540- E548. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.202604

Wang, Y., Chen, L., Wu, T., Shi, H., Li, Q., Jiang, H., & Qiao, J. (2020). Impact of Covid-

in pregnancy on mother’s psychological status and infant’s neurobehavioral development: a longitudinal cohort study in China. BMC medicine, 18, 347.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01825-1

Wu, T., Chen, L., Wang, Y., Shi, H., Niu, J., Yin, X., & Qiao, J. (2021). Effects of SARS-

CoV-2 infection during late pregnancy on early childhood development: A prospective cohort study. Frontiers in pediatrics, 9, 750012.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.750012

Zambrano, L. D., Ellington, S., Strid, P., Galang, R. R., Oduyebo, T., Tong, V. T., & Zapata,

L. (2020). Update: characteristics of symptomatic women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status—United States, January 22–October 3, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(44), 1641– 1647. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6944e3

Downloads

Published

2023-06-30

How to Cite

Pasongli, S., Budu, B., Ahmad, M., Prihantono, P., Hidayanti, H., & Arsyad, M. A. (2023). Prenatal Covid-19 on Toddler Development. JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN, 21(2), 341–349. https://doi.org/10.31965/infokes.Vol21.Iss2.1176

Issue

Section

Original Articles

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.