Community and School-Based Surveys of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections on Samosir Island, Indonesia

Authors

  • Ivan Elisabeth Purba Directorate of Postgraduate, Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
  • Vierto Irennius Girsang Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Science, Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
  • Amila Amila Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Science, Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
  • Ester Saripati Harianja Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Science, Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
  • Yunita Purba Faculty of Vocational Education, Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, North Sumatra. Indonesia
  • Toni Wandra Directorate of Postgraduate, Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
  • Christine M. Budke Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31965/infokes.Vol21.Iss3.1362

Keywords:

Soil-transmitted helminth infection, community, school-age children, Samosir, Indonesia

Abstract

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are common in tropical and sub-tropical regions where they can have substantial local public health impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of STH infection in the community and children aged 6 to 11 years attending government-run schools in the Simanindo sub-district of Samosir Island. In total, 314 individuals in the community and 187 children aged 6 to 11 years attending government schools were invited to provide a fecal sample. All fecal samples were examined microscopically using the Kato-Katz technique. The prevalence of STH infection in the community was 46.8% (147/314). Infections were caused by Ascaris lumbricoides (n=52), followed by Trichuris trichiura (n=48), and hookworms (n=26). The prevalence of STH infection in school-age children was 4.8% in 2023. All infections in this cohort were due to T. trichiura. Even though the MDA program effectively controls A. lumbricoides and hookworm infections in school children, the problem of controlling T. trichiura infection remains. Therefore, selective treatment after fecal sample examination is needed to prevent T. trichiura infection and the potential for infection-associated anemia. Health education focusing on personal hygiene and environmental sanitation is still important for preventing STH infections. The suggestion is a new community-based survey with random sampling is necessary to ensure the present prevalence of STH in the community.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Awasthi, S., Bundy, D. A., & Savioli, L. (2003). Helminthic infections. BMJ, 327(7412), 431-433. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7412.431

Badri, M., Olfatifar, M., Wandra, T., Budke, C. M., Mahmoudi, R., Abdoli, A., ... & Eslahi, A. V. (2022). The prevalence of human trichuriasis in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitology Research, 121(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07365-8

Blum, A. J., & Hotez, P. J. (2018). Global “worming”: Climate change and its projected general impact on human helminth infections. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 12(7), e0006370. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006370

BPS Kabupaten Samosir. (2022). Kabupaten Samosir dalam Angka. BPS Kabupaten Samosir.

CDC. (2023). Helminths, Soil-Transmitted CDC Yellow Book 2024. Centers for Disease Control and Preventon. Retrieved from https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/helminths-soil-transmitted

Gordon, C. A., Kurscheid, J., Jones, M. K., Gray, D. J., & McManus, D. P. (2017). Soil-transmitted helminths in tropical Australia and Asia. Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2(4), 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed2040056

Hotez, P. J., Alvarado, M., Basáñez, M. G., Bolliger, I., Bourne, R., Boussinesq, M., ... & Naghavi, M. (2014). The global burden of disease study 2010: interpretation and implications for the neglected tropical diseases. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 8(7), e2865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002865

Kapti, N., Sutisna, P., & Widjana, D. P. (2021). Prevalence and Reinfection of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura among Elementary School Children in Rural Villages of Bali. J Trop Dis, 9, 283.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2012). Pedoman Pengendalian Kecacingan. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2017). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 15 Tahun 2017 tentang Penanggulangan Cacingan. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif/Badan Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif. (2023). Peraturan Menteri Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif/Kepala Badan Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Petunjuk Teknis Penggunaan Dana Alokasi Khusus Nonfisik Bidang Pariwisata. Jakarta: Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif/Badan Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif.

Maleki, B., Dalimi, A., Majidiani, H., Badri, M., Gorgipour, M., & Khorshidi, A. (2020). Parasitic infections of wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Iran: a literature review. Infectious Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Infectious Disorders), 20(5), 585-597. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871526519666190716121824

Molla, E. and H. Mamo, H. (2018). Soil-transmitted helminth infections, anemia and undernutrition among schoolchildren in Yirgacheffee, South Ethiopia. BMC Res. Notes, 11 (585). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3679-9

Montresor, A., Mupfasoni, D., Mikhailov, A., Mwinzi, P., Lucianez, A., Jamsheed, M., ... & Gyorkos, T. W. (2020). The global progress of soil-transmitted helminthiases control in 2020 and World Health Organization targets for 2030. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 14(8), e0008505. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008505

Moser, W., Schindler, C., & Keiser, J. (2017). Efficacy of recommended drugs against soil transmitted helminths: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Bmj, 358. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j4307.

Namwanje, H., Kabatereine, N. B., & Olsen, A. (2011). Efficacy of single and double doses of albendazole and mebendazole alone and in combination in the treatment of Trichuris trichiura in school-age children in Uganda. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 105(10), 586-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.07.009

Sato, M. O., Sato, M., Yanagida, T., Waikagul, J., Pongvongsa, T., Sako, Y., ... & Moji, K. (2018). Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, Taenia asiatica, their hybrids and other helminthic infections occurring in a neglected tropical diseases' highly endemic area in Lao PDR. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 12(2), e0006260. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006260

Starr, M. C., & Montgomery, S. P. (2011). Soil-transmitted helminthiasis in the United States: a systematic review—1940–2010. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 85(4), 680. https://doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0214

Steinbaum, L., Njenga, S. M., Kihara, J., Boehm, A. B., Davis, J., Null, C., & Pickering, A. J. (2016). Soil-transmitted helminth eggs are present in soil at multiple locations within households in rural Kenya. PLoS One, 11(6), e0157780. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157780

Steventon, A., Bardsley, M., Billings, J., Dixon, J., Doll, H., Hirani, S., ... & Newman, S. (2012). Effect of telehealth on use of secondary care and mortality: findings from the Whole System Demonstrator cluster randomised trial. BMJ, 344. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e3874.

Strunz, E. C., Addiss, D. G., Stocks, M. E., Ogden, S., Utzinger, J., & Freeman, M. C. (2014). Water, sanitation, hygiene, and soil-transmitted helminth infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS medicine, 11(3), e1001620. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001620

Sutisna, P., Kapti, N., Sudarmaja, M., Swastika, K., D.P. Widjana, D.P. (2021). Soil-transmitted helminth infection in general population and schoolchildren of Bali: A review. J. Trop. Dis. 9 (283), 1–8.

Taghipour, A., Bahadory, S., Badri, M., Yadegar, B., Mirsamadi, E.S., Mirjalali, H., Zali, M.R. (2022). A systematic review and meta-analysis on the co-infection of Helicobacter pylori with intestinal parasites: public health issue or neglected correlation?, Int. J. Environ. Health Res. 32 (4), 808-818. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2020.1798890.

Tan, M., Kusriastuti, R., Savioli, L., Hotez, P.J. (2014). Indonesia: an emerging market economy beset by neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 8 (2), e2449. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002449.

Tee, M. Z., Lee, S. C., Er, Y. X., Yap, N. J., Ngui, R., Easton, A. V., ... & Lim, Y. A. L. (2022). Efficacy of triple dose albendazole treatment for soil-transmitted helminth infections. PLoS ONE 17(8): e0272821. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272821

Wandra, T., Darlan, D.M., Yulfi, H., Purba, I.E., Sato, M.O., Budke, C.M., Ito, A. (2020). Soil-transmitted helminth infections and taeniasis on Samosir Island, Indonesia. Acta Trop. 202,105250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105250

WHO. (2017). Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections, Fact Sheet. WHO.

WHO. (2020). Soil-transmitted helminthiases. WHO. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/soil-transmitted-helminthiases.

WHO. (2023a). Soil-transmitted helminth infections. WHO. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections.

WHO.(2023b). Anaemia. WHO. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/health-topics/anaemia#tab=tab_1, 2023b

Yulfi, H., Darlan, D. M., Wandra, T., Purba, I. E., Purba, Y., Saragih, J. M., & Ito, A. (2016). Intestinal protozoa infections and associated risk factors in rural community of Samosir Island Indonesia. Advances in Health Sciences Research 1, 102-107. https://doi.org/10.2991/phico-16.2017.79

Downloads

Published

2023-09-30

How to Cite

Purba, I. E., Girsang, V. I., Amila, A., Harianja, E. S., Purba, Y., Wandra, T., & Budke, C. M. (2023). Community and School-Based Surveys of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections on Samosir Island, Indonesia. JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN, 21(3), 508–516. https://doi.org/10.31965/infokes.Vol21.Iss3.1362

Issue

Section

Original Articles

Similar Articles

<< < 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.