The Influence of Tooth Brushing Skills on the Debris Index of Children with Intellectual Disabilities

Tiara Pinandhita Nariswari; Sri Hidayati; Bambang Hadi Sugito

doi:10.31965/dtj.v7i1.1970

Authors

Tiara Pinandhita Nariswari Department of Dental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Sri Hidayati Department of Dental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Bambang Hadi Sugito Department of Dental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31965/dtj.v7i1.1970

Keywords:

Debris Index, Tooth Brushing Skills, Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract

Oral and dental health is an essential part of overall well-being, particularly for children with intellectual disabilities who face challenges in self-care. These children require specific assistance and training to maintain oral hygiene. This study aimed to examine the influence of tooth brushing skills on the debris index of children with intellectual disabilities at SLB C Autis Negeri Tuban in 2024. An analytical research design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The sample consisted of 22 intellectually disabled students from grades IV and V, selected using random sampling techniques. Data collection was conducted through direct observation of tooth brushing skills and measurement of the debris index before and after brushing. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with SPSS software. The findings indicated that the majority of students demonstrated poor tooth brushing skills and had a high debris index both before and after brushing. However, a reduction in the debris index was observed in some students following tooth brushing, though not all changes were statistically significant. The Chi-Square test revealed a significant relationship between tooth brushing skills and the debris index (p = 0.002). It can be concluded that adequate tooth brushing skills positively influence the reduction of the debris index in children with intellectual disabilities at SLB C Autis Negeri Tuban.

Author Biography

Bambang Hadi Sugito, Department of Dental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Oral and dental health is an essential part of overall well-being, particularly for children with intellectual disabilities who face challenges in self-care. These children require specific assistance and training to maintain oral hygiene. This study aimed to examine the influence of tooth brushing skills on the debris index of children with intellectual disabilities at SLB C Autis Negeri Tuban in 2024. An analytical research design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The sample consisted of 22 intellectually disabled students from grades IV and V, selected using random sampling techniques. Data collection was conducted through direct observation of tooth brushing skills and measurement of the debris index before and after brushing. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with SPSS software. The findings indicated that the majority of students demonstrated poor tooth brushing skills and had a high debris index both before and after brushing. However, a reduction in the debris index was observed in some students following tooth brushing, though not all changes were statistically significant. The Chi-Square test revealed a significant relationship between tooth brushing skills and the debris index (p = 0.002). It can be concluded that adequate tooth brushing skills positively influence the reduction of the debris index in children with intellectual disabilities at SLB C Autis Negeri Tuban.

References

Arifian, E., Chairanna, I., & Prasetyowati, S. (2022). Hubungan Praktik Menyikat Gigi Dengan Debris Index Siswa Tunagrahita di SLB BC Optimal Surabaya. Jurnal Skala Kesehatan, 13(2), 113-121.

Bab, N. B., Rahman, R. N. A. R. A., Mohamed, S., Radzi, N. A. M., & Yusof, N. (2024). Effectiveness of oral health interventions among children and adolescents with mental disorders: a systematic review. Special Care in Dentistry, 44(4), 1002-1025. https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12990

Baumgarten, A., Hilgert, J. B., Rech, R. S., Cunha‐Cruz, J., & Goulart, B. N. G. D. (2021). Association between motor proficiency and oral health in people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 65(5), 489-499. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12828

Esposito, M., Piersanti, C., Fadda, R., Boitani, M., Mazza, M., & Marrocco, G. (2024). Oral hygiene in children with autism: teaching self-toothbrushing via behavioural intervention including parents. Children, 12(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12010005

Fadel, H. T., Baghlaf, K., Ben Gassem, A., Bakeer, H., Alsharif, A. T., & Kassim, S. (2020). Dental students’ perceptions before and after attending a centre for children with special needs: a qualitative study on situated learning. Dentistry Journal, 8(3), 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj8030069

Gaunkar, R., Gadiyar, A., Kamath, V., Nagarsekar, A., Sanjeevan, V., & Kamat, A. K. (2021). A bio‐behavioral intervention combining task analysis with skill‐based training to train toothbrushing among children with intellectual disability. Special Care in Dentistry, 41(5), 588-598. https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12603

Greene, J. G., & Vermillion, J. R. (1964). The simplified oral hygiene index. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 68(1), 7-13.

Kalf‐Scholte, S. M., Valkenburg, C., van der Weijden, F., & SIot, D. E. (2023). Powered or manual toothbrushing for people with physical or intellectual disabilities–A systematic review. Special Care in Dentistry, 43(5), 515-529. https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12821

Kranski, T. A., & Steed, E. A. (2022). Practice‐based coaching to improve culturally responsive practices in early childhood classrooms: A single‐case experimental design. Psychology in the Schools, 59(8), 1587-1608. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22703

Lee, J., & Chang, J. (2021). Oral health issues of young adults with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities and caregiver burdens: a qualitative study. BMC Oral Health, 21(1), 538. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01896-3

Mafla, A. C., Benavides, R. J., Meyer, P., Giraudeau, N., & Schwendicke, F. (2022). Association of children’s toothbrushing and fine motor skills: a cross-sectional study. Brazilian Oral Research, 36, e103. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0103

Martin, A., Tyrrell, S., Honey, E., Rodgers, J., & Ingham, B. (2022). What promotes transfer of staff training related to challenging behavior displayed by adults with intellectual disabilities?. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(2), 128-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12393

Orsos, M., Antal, D., Veres, D. S., Nagy, K., & Nemeth, O. (2021). Oral health, dental care and nutritional habits of children with cerebral palsy during conductive education. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 45(4), 239-246.

Palanisamy, S., Cholan, P., Ramachandran, L., Tadepalli, A., Parthasarsthy, H., & Umesh, S. G. (2023). Navigating oral hygiene challenges in spastic cerebral palsy patients: a narrative review for management strategies for optimal dental care. Cureus, 15(12), : e50246. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50246

Pesau, H. G., Widyorini, E., & Sumijati, S. (2020). Self-care skills of children with moderate intellectual disability. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior, 5(1), 43-49. Retrieved from: https://www.thejhpb.com/index.php/thejhpb/article/view/240

Safaruddin, S., Fatmawati, F., & Budi, S. (2019). Program Pelatihan Menggosok Gigi Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bina Diri Siswa Tunagrahita di SLB se-Kota Padang. Jurnal Pendidikan Kebutuhan Khusus, 3(2), 35-38. https://doi.org/10.24036/jpkk.v3i2.542

Selvyanita, N., Wahyuni, S., & Hanum, N. A. (2021). Gambaran Pengetahuan Orang Tua Tentang Kesehatan Gigi Dan Mulut Anak Di Desa Kenten Laut Rt. 18 Banyuasin. Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut (JKGM), 3(1), 52-56. https://doi.org/10.36086/jkgm.v3i1.798

Son, S. M., & Ahn, B. O. (2023). Effect of Oral Health and Toothbrushing Performance on Halitosis among People with Intellectual Disabilities. American Journal of Health Behavior, 47(4), 706-713. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.47.4.6

WHO. (2022). WHO highlights oral health neglect affecting nearly half of the world’s population. Geneva. World Health Organization.

Zhou, N., Wong, H. M., & McGrath, C. (2019). The impact of adaptive functioning and oral hygiene practices on observed tooth-brushing performance among preschool children with special health care needs. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 23(12), 1587-1594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-019-02813-5