The Relationship Between Dental Health Status and Quality of Life in the Elderly

Lailatul Jannah; Imam Sarwo Edi; Sunomo Hadi

doi:10.31965/dtj.v7i2.2013

Authors

Lailatul Jannah Department of Dental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Imam Sarwo Edi Department of Dental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Sunomo Hadi Department of Dental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31965/dtj.v7i2.2013

Keywords:

Elderly, Dental Health Status, Quality of Life, GOHAI

Abstract

Older adults experience various physical and psychological changes as they age. One common physical change in the oral cavity is tooth loss caused by dental caries. Data from the 2018 National Basic Health Research show that the prevalence of tooth loss is 29% among individuals aged 55–64 years and 30.6% among those aged >65 years. This condition affects chewing, speaking, and swallowing functions, and may lead to anxiety that impacts the quality of life of older adults. However, studies examining the relationship between oral health status and quality of life at the community level, particularly in Sebalong Village, Pasuruan Regency, are still lacking. This study aimed to determine the relationship between oral health status based on the DMF-T index and the quality of life of older adults using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). This cross-sectional analytical study involved 38 respondents aged 60–74 years selected through simple random sampling. Inclusion criteria included older adults residing in Sebalong Village, willing to participate, and able to communicate well, while exclusion criteria consisted of those with severe cognitive impairment. Data were collected through dental health examinations and completion of the GOHAI questionnaire after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank test. The results showed an average DMF-T score of 21.03 (high category), far above the WHO standard of <5.0 (very low category). Moreover, 68.4% of participants had poor quality of life. Statistical analysis revealed a p-value of 0.000 and a correlation coefficient of -0.862, indicating a very strong negative relationship between oral health status and quality of life. In conclusion, poorer oral health status is associated with lower quality of life among older adults. These findings highlight the importance of promotive–preventive programs and continuous oral health services for the elderly, as well as further research with larger samples and longitudinal designs.

References

Amran, R., Lisfrizal, H., & Ningrum, V. (2024). Hubungan antara Status Karies dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien di Klinik Bedah Mulut RSGM Baiturrahmah. e-GiGi, 12(1), 38-43. https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.v12i1.48598

Auralia, A., Utami, N. D., Purnamasari, C. B., Sawitri, E., & Martalina, E. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut Lanjut Usia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Nirwana Puri Samarinda. Mulawarman Dental Journal, 3(1), 41-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/MOLAR.v3i1.7997

Auralia, A., Utami, N. D., Sawitri, E., Martalina, E., Isnuwardana, R., & Purnamasari, C. B. (2024). The relationship of oral health and quality of life for elderly at the Tresna Werdha Nirwana Social Organization Puri Samarinda. Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG), 20(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.46862/interdental.v19i2.7661

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2019). Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia 2023. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. Retrieved from: https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2023/12/29/5d308763ac29278dd5860fad/statistik-penduduk-lanjut-usia-2023.html

Budiono, N. D. P., & Rivai, A. (2021). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 10(2), 371-379. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v10i2.621

Aguirre-Bustamante, J., Barón-López, F. J., Carmona-González, F. J., Pérez-Farinós, N., & Wärnberg, J. (2020). Validation of a modified version of the Spanish Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI-SP) for adults and elder people. BMC Oral Health, 20(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-1047-3

Chan, A. K. Y., Tamrakar, M., Jiang, C. M., Lo, E. C. M., Leung, K. C. M., & Chu, C. H. (2021). Common medical and dental problems of older adults: a narrative review. Geriatrics, 6(3), 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6030076

Ekasari, M. F., Riasmini, N. M., & Hartini, T. (2019). Meningkatkan kualitas hidup lansia konsep dan berbagai intervensi. Malang: Wineka Media.

Fadilah, R. P. N., Hartman, H., & Kusaeri, R. P. (2024). Dental caries in children aged 6-12 years using the" HI BOGI" application in Cimahi elementary school in 2021. Journal of Health and Dental Sciences, 3(3), 227-238. https://dx.doi.org/10.54052/jhds.v3n3.p227-238

Febrida, R., Rioputri, B. A., Lestari., P.U., Safitri, A., & Nabila Hairun, N. (2024). Angka Kejadian Karies Di Kelurahan Cisaranten Kulon Dan Cisaranten Endah Kota Bandung Pada Tahun 2024. Dharma Saintika: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(2), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.24198/saintika.v2i2.56952

Haidee, T. Z., Edi, I. S., & Marjianto, A. (2024). Knowledge, Attitudes Regarding Dental and Oral Health With The Number of Funtioning Teeth: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology, 4(5), 346-354. https://doi.org/10.35882/ijahst.v4i5.403

Hariani, R., & Saputra, M. A. (2024). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut dengan Kehilangan Gigi Pada Masyarakat di Dusun Dasan Bunut Tahun 2024. Jurnal Bale Dental, 1(1), 34-40.

Mahata, I.B.E., Bakar, A., & Ningrum, V. (2021). Hubungan Antara Jenis Kelamin, Usia Dan Berat Badan Dengan Kualitas Hidup Terkait Kesehatan Rongga Mulut Pada Lansia Di Kota Dumai, Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Baiturrahmah, 9(1), 98–106.

Manurung, M. E. M., Utami, R. A., Tandilangi, A. A., Maria, D., Kusumaningsih, I., Siregar, …, & Padaunan, E. (2023). Ilmu Dasar Keperawatan Gerontik. Medan: Yayasan Kita Menulis.

Mujiadi, M., & Rachmah, S. (2022). Buku Ajar Keperawatan Gerontik. Mojokerto: STIKes Majapahit Mojokerto.

Pakpahan, M., Siregar, D., Susilawaty, A., Tasnim, T., Ramdany, R., Manurung, E. I., ... & Sitanggang, Y. F. (2021). Promosi kesehatan dan perilaku kesehatan. Medan: Yayasan Kita Menulis.

Prameswari, A. A. P., Putri, I. G. A. K. A. N., Hadi, S., & Prasetyowati, S. (2022, October). The Relationship Between The Attitude of Maintaining Dental Health and Tooth Loss in The elderly at the hargodedali nursing home Surabaya in 2022. 2nd International Conference of Dental and Oral Health (ICoDOH), 2(1), 1-4. https://icodohp.poltekkesdepkes-sby.ac.id/index.php/icodoh/article/download/20/19/19

Ramadhana, G. N., Irsal, I., & Fitriany, E. (2025). Hubungan Kehilangan Gigi dengan Status Gizi dan Kualitas Hidup pada Lansia di Kecamatan Balikpapan Timur. e-GiGi, 13(1), 166-173. https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.v13i1.54933

Rezq, K. A., Algamdi, M. M., Alatawi, F., Altamimi, D., Albalawi, N., Albalawi, A., ... & Alhthli, R. (2024). Predictors for the level of quality of life among older adults: approaches to the effect of sociodemographic and chronic diseases. Journal of Aging Research, 2024(1), 5436660. https://doi.org/10.1155/jare/5436660

Sari, G. D., & Azizah, A. (2022). Analisis kualitas hidup kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada lansia (Tinjauan Pada Pensiunan PNS Pemko Banjarmasin). An-Nadaa: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (e-Journal), 9(1), 66-72. https://doi.org/10.31602/ann.v9i1.6900

Sari, M., & Jannah, N. F. (2021). Gambaran Pengetahuan Kesehatan Gigi Mulut, Perilaku Kesehatan Gigi Mulut, dan Status Gigi Lansia di Panti Wreda Surakarta. Jurnal Surya Masyarakat, 3(2), 86-94. https://doi.org/10.26714/jsm.3.2.2021.86-94

Setiawati, T., Robbihi, H. I., & Dewi, T. K. (2022). Hubungan Usia Dan Jenis Kelamin Dengan Periodontitis Pada Lansia Puskesmas Pabuarantumpeng Tangerang: Relationship Of Age And Gender With Periodontitis In Lansia Puskesmas Pabuarantumpeng Tangerang. JDHT Journal of Dental Hygiene and Therapy, 3(1), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.36082/jdht.v3i1.309

Setyowati, S., Purnomo, P. S., & Hartina, M. (2021). Dampak kehilangan gigi, fungsi kognitif dan kualitas hidup lanjut usia. Heal Sci Pharmacy J, 5(3), 88-96. https://doi.org/10.32504/hspj.v5i3.468

World Health Organization. (2013). Oral health surveys: basic methods. World Health Organization.