Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Pola Asuh Authoritative dalam Upaya Pencegahan Karies Gigi Anak Di Remote Area: Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Pola Asuh Authoritative dalam Upaya Pencegahan Karies Gigi Anak Di Remote Area

Leny Marlina Adriadi  Pinat; Merniawati Sherly  Eluama; Mery Novaria  Pay

doi:10.31965/dtj.v3i2.593

Authors

Leny Marlina Adriadi Pinat Jurusan Kesehatan Gigi, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Indonesia
Merniawati Sherly Eluama Jurusan Kesehatan Gigi, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Indonesia.
Mery Novaria Pay Jurusan Kesehatan Gigi, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31965/dtj.v3i2.593

Keywords:

Knowledge, Authoritative Parenting, Child Dental Caries, Remote area

Abstract

Dental caries is a disease that has a high prevalence and is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in children. Maintenance of children's dental health involves interaction between children, parents, and dentists. Mothers' knowledge and behavior in efforts to maintain dental health have a significant influence on children's behavior. Authoritative parenting (friendly, high control) has two-way communication with not too hard in parenting but also not out of control on children. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and the type of authoritative parenting in an effort to prevent dental caries in elementary school children in remote areas. This study is a cross-sectional study, conducted on mothers of children aged 6-9 years in Oelnaineno Village, Takari District, Kupang Regency. The number of samples was 40 mothers, the sampling procedure was carried out by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews with questionnaires containing questions to measure knowledge and types of authoritative parenting in an effort to prevent dental caries in elementary school children. The results of the study were statistically analyzed using the Multi nominal Logistics Regression test with a significance value of p <0.05. There is a significant relationship between knowledge and the type of authoritarian parenting with a significance of 0.042. Mother's parenting is influenced by knowledge and will have an impact on children. Mothers who have good knowledge apply authoritative parenting styles and child caries rates are low compared to other types. There is a relationship between knowledge and type of mother's authoritative pattern in efforts to prevent dental caries in elementary school children in remote areas.

Karies gigi merupakan penyakit yang memiliki prevalensi tinggi dan menjadi masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia terutama pada anak-anak. Pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi anak melibatkan interaksi antara anak, orang tua dan dokter gigi. Pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu dalam upaya pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi memberi pengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku anak. Pola asuh authoritative (ramah, kontrol tinggi) memiliki komunikasi dua arah dengan tidak terlalu keras dalam pola pengasuhan tetapi juga tidak lepas kontrol pada anak. Tujuan penelitian ini merupakan untuk hubungan antara pengetahuan dan tipe pola asuh authoritative dalam upaya pencegahan karies gigi anak sekolah dasar di remote area. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Cross-Sectional, dilakukan pada ibu anak usia 6-9 tahun di Desa Oelnaineno Kecamatan Takari Kabupaten Kupang. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 ibu, prosedur pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data diambil melalui metode wawancara dengan kuesioner yang berisi pertanyaan untuk mengukur pengetahuan dan tipe pola asuh authoritative dalam upaya pencegahan karies gigi anak sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Regresi Logistik Multi nominal dengan nilai kemaknaan yaitu nilai p<0,05. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan tipe pola asuh authoritarian dengan signifikansi 0,042. Pola asuh ibu dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan dan akan berdampak pada anak. Ibu yang berpengetahuan baik menerapkan pola asuh tipe authoritative dan angka karies anak rendah dibandingkan tipe yang lain. Ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dan tipe pola authoritative ibu dalam upaya pencegahan karies gigi anak sekolah dasar di remote area.

References

Abiola Adeniyi, A., Eyitope Ogunbodede, O., Sonny Jeboda, O., & Morenike Folayan, O. (2009). Do maternal factors influence the dental health status of Nigerian pre‐school children?. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 19(6), 448-454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263X.2009.01019.x

Amin, M., Nyachhyon, P., Elyasi, M., & Al-Nuaimi, M. (2014). Impact of an oral health education workshop on parents’ oral health knowledge, attitude, and perceived behavioral control among African immigrants. Journal of Oral Diseases, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/986745

Aminabadi, N. A., & Farahani, R. M. (2008). Correlation of parenting style and pediatric behavior guidance strategies in the dental setting: preliminary findings. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 66(2), 99-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00016350802001322

Bezrukova, O., & Samoylova, V. (2015). The Authoritarian Syndrome in Attitudes and Educational Practices of Russian Parents. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 165, 234-240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.627

Bozorgmehr, E., Hajizamani, A., & Malek Mohammadi, T. (2013). Oral health behavior of parents as a predictor of oral health status of their children. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/741783

Çolakoğlu, N., & Has, E. (2015). The Evaluation of the Effects of Socio-Demographic Factors on Oral and Dental Health: A Study on the Ages 6.-12. Procedía-social and behavioral sciences, 195, 1278-1287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.286

Haeriyah. (2013). Tingkat kepedulian orangtua terhadap pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak usia 6-36 bulan di Kelurahan Tamalanrea Makasar. Skripsi. Makassar: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universsitas Hasanudin.

Heriyanto, Yonan & Sriyono, N. W. (2004). Pengetahuan, persepsi dan sikap terhadap kesehatan gigi pada siswa tunanetra di panti sosial Bina Netra (PSBN) Wyata Bandung. Tesis. Yogyakarta: Magister Ilmu Kedokteran, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Hooley, M., Skouteris, H., Boganin, C., Satur, J., & Kilpatrick, N. (2012). Parental influence and the development of dental caries in children aged 0–6 years: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of dentistry, 40(11), 873-885. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2012.07.013

Howenstein, J. L. (2014). Correlating Parenting Styles with the Child's Caries and Behavior in the Dental Office. Thesis. Ohio State University.

Ingle, N. A., Dubey, H. V., Kaur, N., & Gupta, R. (2014). Prevalence of dental caries among school children of Bharatpur city, India. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 4(1), 52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.131267

Law, C. S. (2007). The impact of changing parenting styles on the advancement of pediatric oral health. J Calif Dent Assoc, 35(3), 192-7.

Mitakul K, Laovoravit V, Vanichanuwat V, Charatchaiwanna C, Charatchaiwanna A, dan Bunpradit W. 2012. Factors associated with parent capability on child’s oral health care. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 43(1), 249-255.

Mohammadi, S. N., Prashant, G. M., Kumar, P. N., Sushanth, V. H., & Imranulla, M. (2015). Dental caries status in 6–14-year-old schoolchildren of rural Channagiri, Davangere: A cross-sectional survey. Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, 13(4), 389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2319-5932.171181

Nurafifah D. (2013). Hubungan perilaku pencegahan karies gigi dan kejadian karies gigi pada anak di dusun Sumber panggang Desa Lopang Kecamatan Kembangbahu Kabupaten Lamongan. SURYA. (1)14, 51-57.

Puspitoningsih N, Safitri W & Istiningtyas A. (2012). Persepsi ibu tentang karies gigi TK Dharma Wanita Kecamatan Kemusu Boyolali. Surakarta: Program Studi Keperawatan STIKES Kusuma Husada.

Rahayu, T. U., & Santoso, O. (2013). Pengaruh Edukasi Menggunakan Kika (Kartu Indikator Karies Anak) Terhadap Perilaku Ibu Tentang Pencegahan Karies Gigi Sulung Di Kelurahan Randusari Semarang. Skripsi. Semarang: Fakultas Kedokteran, University Diponegoro.

Sanders, M. R., & Morawska A.(2005). Can changing parental knowledge, dysfunctional expectations and attributions, and emotion regulation improve outcomes for children?. In: Tremblay RE, Barr RG, Peters RDeV, eds. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development [online]. Montreal, Quebec: Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development. Available at: http://www.childencyclopedia.com/documents/Sanders-MorawskaANGxp.pdf

Seran, N., Christina, D., Connie, M., & Marcia, D. (2013). Parenting style and oral health status. Journal of pediatric, 3, 188-194 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojped.2013.33033

Sharma, V., Gupta, N., Arora, V., Gupta, P., & Mehta, N. (2015). Caries experience in permanent dentition among 11-14 years old school children in Panchkula district (Haryana) India. Int J Sci Study, 3(1), 112-5.

Sogi, H. S., Hugar, S. M., Nalawade, T. M., Sinha, A., Hugar, S., & Mallikarjuna, R. M. (2016). Knowledge, attitude, and practices of oral health care in prevention of early childhood caries among parents of children in Belagavi city: A Questionnaire study. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 5(2), 286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.192332

Sufia, S., Chaudhry, S., Izhar, F., Syed, A., Qayum Mirza, B. A., & Ali Khan, A. (2011). Dental Caries Experience in Preschool Children—Is It Related to A Child's Place of Residence and Family Income?. Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry, 9(4), 375.

Suseno, D. D. (2010). Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan Kemandirian Anak Usia Prasekolah di TK Aisyiyah Mendungan Sukoharjo. Skripsi. Surakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Supartini, Y. (2004). Buku Ajar Konsep Dasar Keperawatan Anak. Jakarta: EGC.

Warni, L. (2009). Hubungan perilaku murid SD kelas V dan VI pada kesehatan gigi dan mulut terhadap status karies gigi di wilayah Kecamatan Delitua Kabupaten Deli Serdang tahun 2009. Tesis. Medan: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sumatra Utara.

Worang, T. Y., Pangemanan, D. H., & Wicaksono, D. A. (2014). Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan orang tua dengan kebersihan gigi dan mulut anak di TK Tunas Bhakti Manado. e-GiGi, 2(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.2.2.2014.5777

The Relationship of Knowledge with Authoritative Parenting in Efforts to Prevent Child Dental Caries in Remote Areas