Association between Oral Hygiene Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices and OHI-S among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Downloads
Pregnant women are at increased risk of oral health problems, including dental caries and gingivitis. This study aimed to examine the association between oral hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices and oral hygiene status among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Sragi Health Center, Pekalongan Regency, Indonesia. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 124 pregnant women selected using accidental sampling. Data on oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising 10 items per domain. Oral hygiene status was assessed using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). Associations between behavioral variables and OHI-S categories (good, moderate, poor) were analyzed using Kendall's Tau-B. Most participants had primary-level education (58%), good knowledge (58%), good attitudes (65%), and poor oral health practices (65%). Most respondents showed a moderate OHI-S status (61%). No significant association was found between educational level and OHI-S (p = 0.655). Significant associations were observed between knowledge and OHI-S (p = 0.017), attitudes and OHI-S (p = 0.010), and practices and OHI-S (p = 0.032). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to oral health were associated with oral hygiene status among pregnant women, whereas educational level was not significantly associated with OHI-S.
Ababneh, K. T., Mohammad, Z., Abu, F., & Khader, Y. S. (2012). Prevalence and Risk Indicators of Gingivitis and Periodontitis in a Multi-Center Study in North Jordan : A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Oral Health, 12(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-12-1
Acharya, S., & Bhat, P. V. (2009). Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life during Pregnancy. Spring, 69(2), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2008.00104.x
Bagaray, F. E., Wowor, V. N. S., & Mintjelungan, C. N. (2016). Perbedaan Efektivitas DHE dengan Media Booklet dan Media Flip Chart terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut Siswa SDN 126 Manado. Journal E-Gigi (EG), 4(2). https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.4.2.2016.13487
Basuni, Cholil, & Putri, D. K. T. (2014). Gambaran Indeks Kebersihan Mulut Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan Masyarakat di Desa Guntung Ujung Kabupaten Banjar. Dentino Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi, II(1). https://www.fkg.ulm.ac.id/id/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/GAMBARAN-INDEKS-KEBERSIHAN-MULUT.pdf
Blicher, B., Joshipura, K., & Eke, P. (2005). Validation of self-reported periodontal disease: a systematic review. Journal of dental research, 84(10), 881–890. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910508401003
Bressane, L. B., Xosta, L. N. B. da S., Vieira, J. M. R., & Rebelo, M. A. B. (2011). Oral Health Conditions among Pregnant Women Attended to at A Health Care Center in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Odonto Cienc, 26(4), 291–296. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/154405910508401003
Cornejo, C., Rossi, G., Rama, A., Gomez-Gutierrez, N., Alvaredo, G., Squassi, A., & Klemonskis, G. (2013). Oral Health Status and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Pregnant Women from Socially Deprived Populations. Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana, 26, 68–74. https://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/aol/v26n2/v26n2a02.pdf
Dhotre, S., Jahagirdar, V., Suryawanshi, N., Davane, M., & Patil, R. (2018). Assessment of Periodontitis and Its Role in Viridans Streptococcal Bacteremia and Infective Endocarditis. Indian Heart Journal, 70(2), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2017.06.019
George, A., Johnson, M., Blinkhorn, A., Ajwani, S., Bhole, S., Yeo, A. E., & Ellis, S. (2013). The Oral Health Status, Practices and Knowledge of Pregnant Women in South-Western Sydney. Australian Dental Jo, 58, 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12024
Hashim, R. (2012). Self-Reported Oral Health, Oral Hygiene Habits, and Dental Service Utilization among Pregnant Women in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 10, 142–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5037.2011.00531.x
Lee, N. M., & Saha, S. (2013). Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy. NIH Public Access, 40(2), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2011.03.009.Nausea
Loe, H., & Silness, J. (1963). Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy (Issue 11). University of Calgary. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/00016356408993968
Lwanga, S. K., & Lemeshow, S. (1991). Sample Size Determination in Health Studies. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/items/9c2e5da4-3785-4fec-9dbc-841e4ae0d98c
Mahirawatie, I. C., & Astuti, I. G. A. K. (2024). Factors Influencing Pregnant Women ’ s Intent to Undergo Dental and Oral Examinations during Antenatal Care ( K1 ) Visits. International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Research Factors, 07(05), 15–28. https://www.ijmsdr.org/published%20paper/1i1i36/Factors-Influencing-Pregnant-Women's-Intent-to-Undergo-Dental-and-Oral-Examinations-during-Antenatal-Care-K1-Visits.pdf
Martínez-beneyto, Y., Vera-delgado, M. V, Pérez, L., & Maurandi, A. (2011). Self-Reported Oral Health and Hygiene Habits, Dental Decay, and Periodontal Condition among Pregnant European Women. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 114, 18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.03.003
Minarni, Z., Faisal, M., & Arnetty. (2022). Oral Dental Health and Hygiene Maintenance for Pregnant Women at Taram Public Health Center in Lima Puluh Kota Regency. International Journal of Health Science, 2(3), 199–204. https://doi.org/10.55606/ijhs.v2i3.956
Notoatmodjo, S. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Oliveira, L. B., Sheiham, A., & Bçnecker, M. (2008). Exploring The Association of Dental Caries with Social Factors and Nutritional Status in Brazilian Preschool Children. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 116, 37–43. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00507.x
Pavi, E., Karampli, E., Zavras, D., Dardavesis, T., & Kyriopoulos, J. (2010). Social Determinants of Dental Health Services Utilization of Greek Adults. Community Dent Health, 27, 2010. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21046905/
Petersen, P. E., Bourgeois, D., Ogawa, H., Estupinan-day, S., & Ndiaye, C. (2005). The Global Burden of Oral Diseases and Risks to Oral Health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 022806(05), 661–669. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16211157/
Puertas, A., Magan-fernandez, A., Blanc, V., Revelles, L., Valle, F. O., Pozo, E., León, R., Mesa, F., Puertas, A., Magan-fernandez, A., Blanc, V., Revelles, L., Valle, F. O., Pozo, E., León, R., & Mesa, F. (2017). Association of Periodontitis With Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight : A Comprehensive Review. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal 8 Neonatal Medicine, 0(0), 000. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2017.1293023
Qomariah, N., & Handayani, O. W. K. (2016). Penggunaan Media COC (Caries On Catalog) dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Karies Gigi Balita. Journal of Health Education, 25(1), 57–60. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10556699.1994.10603001
Rakchanok, N., Amporn, D., Yoshida, Y., Rashid, M. H. O., & Sakamoto, J. (2010). Dental Caries and Gingivitis among Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Nagoya Journal, 43–50. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11254363/
Sadimin, W., T., N., H., & Santoso, B. (2017). Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Rampan Karies Pada Siswa Tk Pertiwi Jembungan I Kabupaten Boyolali. Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi, 04(1), 38–48. https://ejournal.poltekkes-smg.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jkg/article/view/2714
Silk, H., Douglass, A. B., Douglass, J. M., & Silk, L. (2008). Oral Health During Pregnancy. The American Family Physician, 77(8). https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0415/p1139
Silva, C., Figueiredo, D. A., Gonçalves, C., Rosalem, C., Luis, A., Cantanhede, C., Bárbara, É., Fonseca, A., Carmen, M., & Nogueira, F. (2017). Systemic Alterations and Their Oral Manifestations in Pregnant Women. Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, 43(1), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.13150
Tonello, A. S., & Pardi, V. (2016). Assessment of Oral Health Status of Pregnant Women Participating in A Family Health Program in The City of. Brazilian Journal of Oral Science, 6(20). https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/bjos/article/view/8642962/0
Vasiliauskiene, I. (2003). Oral Health Status of Pregnant Women. Scientific Articles, 5(table 1), 57–61. https://sbdmj.lsmu.lt/032/032-04.pdf
Vered, Y., & Sgan-Cohen, H. D. (2003). Self – Perceived and Clinically Diagnosed Dental and Periodontal Health Status Among Young Adults and Their Implications for Epidemiological Surveys. BMC Oral Health, 6, 1–6. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1472-6831-3-3
Vergnes, J., Kaminski, M., Lelong, N., Musset, A., Sixou, M., & Nabet, C. (2012). Frequency and Risk Indicators of Tooth Decay among Pregnant Women in France : A Cross-Sectional Analysis. PLoS ONE, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033296
Vogt, M., Sallum, A. W., Cecatti, J. G., & Morais, S. S. (2012). Factors Associated with The Prevalence of Periodontal Disease in Low-Risk Pregnant Women. Reproductive Health, 9(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-9-3
Wahyuni, I. T., & Mariyani. (2022). Relationship between Age and the Event of Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnant Mothers. International Journal of Health Sciences, 2(3), 119–123. https://share.google/kDGNVVXyZwPwAG6GI
Wandera, M., Åstrøm, A. N., Okullo, I., & Tumwine, J. K. (2012). Determinants of Periodontal Health in Pregnant Women and Association with Infants ’ Anthropometric Status : A Prospective Cohort Study from Eastern Uganda. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 12(90). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2393-12-90
Weintraub, J. A., Finlayson, T. L., Gansky, S. A., Santo, W., & Ramos-Gomez, F. (2014). Clinically Determined and Self-Reported Dental Caries Status During and After Pregnancy Among Low-Income Hispanic Women. NIH Public Access, 73(4), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12029.Clinically
WHO. (2020). Basic Documents: 49th edition. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/Bd_49th-en.pdf
Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright notice
Ownership of copyright
The copyright in this website and the material on this website (including without limitation the text, computer code, artwork, photographs, images, music, audio material, video material and audio-visual material on this website) is owned by JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN and its licensors.
Copyright license
JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN grants to you a worldwide non-exclusive royalty-free revocable license to:
- view this website and the material on this website on a computer or mobile device via a web browser;
- copy and store this website and the material on this website in your web browser cache memory; and
- print pages from this website for your use.
- All articles published by JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.
JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN does not grant you any other rights in relation to this website or the material on this website. In other words, all other rights are reserved.
For the avoidance of doubt, you must not adapt, edit, change, transform, publish, republish, distribute, redistribute, broadcast, rebroadcast or show or play in public this website or the material on this website (in any form or media) without appropriately and conspicuously citing the original work and source or JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN prior written permission.
Permissions
You may request permission to use the copyright materials on this website by writing to [email protected].
Enforcement of copyright
JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN takes the protection of its copyright very seriously.
If JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN discovers that you have used its copyright materials in contravention of the license above, JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN may bring legal proceedings against you seeking monetary damages and an injunction to stop you using those materials. You could also be ordered to pay legal costs.
If you become aware of any use of JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN copyright materials that contravenes or may contravene the license above, please report this by email to [email protected]
Infringing material
If you become aware of any material on the website that you believe infringes your or any other person's copyright, please report this by email to [email protected].
