Economic, Health, and Social Factors Associated with Post-COVID-19 Behavioral Change: A Cross-Sectional PLS-SEM Study
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The post-COVID-19 period has involved economic, health, and psychosocial changes that may influence behavioral adaptation. This study examined the associations of economic impact, health impact, social support, and emotional well-being with behavioral change and tested whether income moderated these associations. A cross-sectional survey included 215 adults aged 18 years or older. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Economic impact (beta = -0.245, p < 0.001) and emotional well-being (beta = -0.228, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with behavioral change. Health impact, social support, and income had no statistically significant direct associations. None of the income interaction terms was significant (all p > 0.05), providing no evidence that income moderated the tested relationships. Post-pandemic behavioral change was associated most clearly with economic impact and emotional well-being in this sample. Recovery programs should therefore integrate economic protection with psychosocial support, while longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporal and causal relationships.
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