Perceptions of Pregnant Women Regarding Husbands’ Support for Maternal Health Care in Bandung City, Indonesia
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Maternal mortality remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, with pregnancy complications such as anemia, hypertension, and inadequate antenatal care (ANC) contributing to adverse maternal outcomes. Husband involvement has been recognized as an important social determinant influencing maternal health behaviors; however, empirical evidence regarding the extent and determinants of spousal support during pregnancy, particularly in urban settings, remains limited. This study aimed to examine pregnant women's perceptions of their husbands' support and to identify factors associated with supportive behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 pregnant women attending routine ANC services at seven Community Health Centers in Bandung City. Participants were recruited using accidental sampling over three months. Data were collected using a validated, structured questionnaire assessing four domains of husband support: emotional, informational, institutional, and achievement-related. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors associated with positive husband support. The results showed that 75.9% of respondents perceived their husbands' overall support as inadequate. Institutional support was the most frequently reported domain, while emotional support was the least practiced. The most commonly perceived supportive behavior was husbands listening to their wives' concerns, whereas joint physical exercise during pregnancy was reported least frequently. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that husbands aged ≥35 years and wives with lower educational attainment were significantly associated with higher perceived support from husbands. In conclusion, husband involvement during pregnancy remains suboptimal, particularly in emotional and preventive behavioral domains. These findings highlight the need for structured, couple-focused interventions within ANC services that actively engage husbands, address socio-demographic determinants, and promote comprehensive support to improve maternal health behaviors in urban settings.
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