Nuptiality of Ageing Population Affect the Mental Health: A Longitudinal Study
Downloads
The phenomenon of increasing numbers of elderly people is a demographic challenge that has a wide impact, especially on their physical, mental, social and economic health. This study aims to trace changes in marital status and its relationship to the incidence of depression in the elderly in Indonesia. This study used secondary longitudinal data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) waves 4 and 5, with elderly respondents aged >60 years who had complete data on marital status, depression, and other covariates. The dependent variable is depression which assessed using the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10). The main independent variable was changes in marital status, accompanied by control variables such as age, gender, place of residence, and religion. Data were analyzed in a wide format using univariate, bivariate (Chi-square and t-test), and binary logistic regression. The findings of this study showed that 9.07% of elderly people experienced depression at the time of the follow-up study. The changes in marital status, age, and place of residence were significantly related to depression, while gender and religion did not show a significant relationship. Elderly who changed their marital status from married to divorced/separated/widowed/widower had a lower risk of depression, higher age decreased the likelihood of depression, while living in rural areas increased the risk. Gender and religion were not significantly associated with the incidence of depression. Interventions such as psychosocial support and mental health-based programs that take into account factors such as changes in marital status, age, and place of residence are needed.
Abu Khait, A., Menger, A., Rababa, M., Moldovan, T., Lazenby, M., & Shellman, J. (2024). The mediating role of religion and loneliness on the association between reminiscence functions and depression: a call to advance older adults’ mental health. Psychogeriatrics, 24(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.13041
Al Waroi, M. N. A. L., Subroto, A., & Supriyadi, I. (2025). Indonesia's Demographics in the Digital Era: Opportunities and Challenges Towards a Golden Indonesia 2045. Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health, 4(1), 93-111. https://doi.org/10.46799/ajesh.v4i1.512
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2019). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Bae, Y., & Pachucki, M. C. (2024). Social isolation and depression as risk factors for weight loss of 5kg or more among older Korean adults. Plos One, 19(3), e0299096. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299096
Bano, S., Akram, W., Habiba, U. E., & Arshad, H. (2025). The role of faith-based coping mechanisms in enhancing mental resilience: a study among muslim students. Research Journal of Psychology, 3(1), 64-80. https://doi.org/10.59075/rjs.v3i1.46
Dodds, L., Brayne, C., & Siette, J. (2024). Associations between social networks, cognitive function, and quality of life among older adults in long-term care. BMC Geriatrics, 24(1), 221. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04794-9
Du, J., Cui, Y., Yang, L., Duan, Y., Qi, Q., & Liu, H. (2024). Associations of Indoor Ventilation Frequency with Depression and Anxiety in Chinese Older Adults. Indoor Air, 2024(1), 9943687. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9943687
Duan, K., & Li, J. (2025). Rural digitalization and health outcomes of older adults in China. Health Policy and Technology, 14(5), 101038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2025.101038
Dzando, G., Asante, D., Yabila, S., Suuron, V. M., Amenu, J., Salifu, S., & Awiagah, S. K. (2025). Late-Life Divorce and well-being of older people: A systematic review. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus, 2(1), 100107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100107
Fergus, D. N., Chen, Y.-H., Chuang, Y.-C., Ma, A. S., & Chuang, K.-Y. (2024). A cross-sectional analysis of gender and psychological well-being among older Taiwanese adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1392007. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1392007
Gasteiger, C., Collens, P., & du Preez, E. (2024). Community-based support to improve mental health and wellbeing in older sexually and gender diverse people: a scoping review. Aging & Mental Health, 28(4), 692–700. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2023.2269097
Gough, B., Robertson, S., & Luck, H. (2021). Engendered Expressions of Anxiety: Men’s Emotional Communications With Women and Other Men. Frontiers in Sociology, 6, 697356. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2021.697356
Günaydin, H. D. (2024). Stigma, mental health literacy, emotional expression, masculinity and attitudes towards seeking psychological help. Current Psychology, 43(37), 29623–29633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06597-y
Hald, G. M., Ciprić, A., Sander, S., & Strizzi, J. M. (2022). Anxiety, depression and associated factors among recently divorced individuals. Journal of Mental Health, 31(4), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1755022
Khuzaimah, U., Hinduan, Z. R., Agustiani, H., & Siswadi, A. G. P. (2023). Social support, religiosity, wisdom and well-being among older adults in Indonesia. Clinical interventions in aging, 1249-1262. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S414855
Maretalinia, Jampaklay, A., Sawangdee, Y., Hunchangsith, P., & Teerawichitchainan, B. (2025). The effect of marital transition on body weight changes among Indonesian adults: A Longitudinal study. SSM - Population Health, 30, 101813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101813
Muhonja, F. H., Agyemang, S. M., Arthur-Mensah, R., & Sghaier, S. (2024). Climate Change Adaptation for Healthy Ageing. In Sustainable Ageing (pp. 127–140). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69475-2_8
Naviganuntana, Y., Kerdcharoen, N., & Rawdaree, P. (2022). Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Individuals Living in Urban Communities. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 855–864. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S348782
Pellón, I., Martínez-Pampliega, A., & Cormenzana, S. (2024). Post-divorce adjustment, coparenting and somatisation: Mediating role of anxiety and depression in high-conflict divorces. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 16, 100697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100697
Pontes, A., Coelho, V., Peixoto, C., Meira, L., & Azevedo, H. (2024). Academic Stress and Anxiety among Portuguese Students: The Role of Perceived Social Support and Self-Management. Education Sciences, 14(2), 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14020119
Purtle, J., Nelson, K. L., Yang, Y., Langellier, B., Stankov, I., & Diez Roux, A. V. (2019). Urban–Rural Differences in Older Adult Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 56(4), 603-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.11.008
Rony, M. K. K., Parvin, Mst. R., Wahiduzzaman, Md., Akter, K., & Ullah, M. (2024). Challenges and Advancements in the Health-Related Quality of Life of Older People. Advances in Public Health, 2024, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8839631
Sharma Nath, P., & Patra, S. (2024). Meaning in Life and Mental Health of Older Adults in Different Living Arrangements. Psychological Studies, 69(2), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-023-00772-0
Shattuck, E. C., Perrotte, J. K., Daniels, C. L., Xu, X., & Sunil, T. S. (2020). The Contribution of Sociocultural Factors in Shaping Self-Reported Sickness Behavior. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 14(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00004
Świtaj, P., Grygiel, P., Leciak, J., Stefaniak, I., Opozda-Suder, S., & Anczewska, M. (2025). Examining the relationships between self-stigma, loneliness, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among people with bipolar disorder. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 3432. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87559-7
Thodukayil, F. S. O., Palaniswamy, U., & Kunjumon, A. (2025). The Causes of Divorce and Its Effects on Women: A Systematic Review. Marriage & Family Review, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2025.2484781
Upasen, R., Saengpanya, W., Awae, W., & Prasitvej, P. (2024). The influence of resilience and social support on mental health of older adults living in community: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 397. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01892-6
Wang, X., Xu, J., Sun, X., Chen, Y., Pang, C., & Zang, S. (2024). Network analysis of the urban-rural differences in depressive symptoms among older adults with multiple chronic conditions: Evidence from a national survey. Geriatric Nursing, 58, 480–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.025
Whitmoyer, P., Fisher, M. E., Duraney, E. J., Manzler, C., Isaacowitz, D. M., Andridge, R., & Prakash, R. S. (2024). Age differences in emotion regulation strategy use and flexibility in daily life. Aging & Mental Health, 28(2), 330–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2023.2256245
Zhang, D., Zheng, W., & Li, K. (2024). The relationship between marital status and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: the multiple mediating effects of social support and depression. BMC Geriatrics, 24(1), 367. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04975-6
Zhu, Q. (2023). Major Depressive Disorder and Gender Differences. Proceedings of the 2022 4th International Conference on Literature, Art and Human Development (ICLAHD 2022), pp. 1551–1559. Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-97-8_199
Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright notice
Ownership of copyright
The copyright in this website and the material on this website (including without limitation the text, computer code, artwork, photographs, images, music, audio material, video material and audio-visual material on this website) is owned by JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN and its licensors.
Copyright license
JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN grants to you a worldwide non-exclusive royalty-free revocable license to:
- view this website and the material on this website on a computer or mobile device via a web browser;
- copy and store this website and the material on this website in your web browser cache memory; and
- print pages from this website for your use.
- All articles published by JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.
JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN does not grant you any other rights in relation to this website or the material on this website. In other words, all other rights are reserved.
For the avoidance of doubt, you must not adapt, edit, change, transform, publish, republish, distribute, redistribute, broadcast, rebroadcast or show or play in public this website or the material on this website (in any form or media) without appropriately and conspicuously citing the original work and source or JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN prior written permission.
Permissions
You may request permission to use the copyright materials on this website by writing to [email protected].
Enforcement of copyright
JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN takes the protection of its copyright very seriously.
If JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN discovers that you have used its copyright materials in contravention of the license above, JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN may bring legal proceedings against you seeking monetary damages and an injunction to stop you using those materials. You could also be ordered to pay legal costs.
If you become aware of any use of JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN copyright materials that contravenes or may contravene the license above, please report this by email to [email protected]
Infringing material
If you become aware of any material on the website that you believe infringes your or any other person's copyright, please report this by email to [email protected].
