Perceptions of Tobacco Control Policies and Their Association with Smoking Behavior among the University Community in Tarakan, Indonesia
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Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke remain important public health challenges in Indonesia. Understanding smoking patterns and perceptions among university communities is important for strengthening tobacco control in educational settings. This study aimed to analyze perceptions of smoking, smoking behavior, and the implementation of smoke-free policies among the university community. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to November 2022 among 153 university communities selected using simple random sampling, comprising 98 students, 42 lecturers, and 13 educational staff. A validated questionnaire was used to assess perceptions and smoking behavior. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman correlation tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Six respondents (3.9%) were active smokers, while 83 (54.3%) were exposed to secondhand smoke. Smoking prevalence was higher among men than women (16.0% vs. 1.6%; p = 0.001) and differed significantly by occupation (15.4% among educational staff, 4.1% among students, and 0% among lecturers; p = 0.044). Education level showed a weak positive correlation with perception level (ρ = 0.218, p = 0.007), and perception levels differed significantly by smoking status (p = 0.007). Although 99.3% of respondents supported the implementation of smoke-free policies, 54,3% reported exposure to secondhand smoke, while observational checks found no visible campus signage enforcing the smoking ban. These findings reveal a substantial gap between strong support for smoke-free policies and their implementation on campus. Strengthening institutional enforcement, visible smoke-free signage, and monitoring is therefore essential to translate policy support into effective smoke-free campus practices 2
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