A Systematic Literature Review of Entrepreneurial Human Capital and Employee Performance in Public Organizations
Downloads
Public sector organizations, including healthcare institutions, are under increasing pressure to enhance employee performance amid digital transformation, service complexity, and rising public expectations. Entrepreneurial Human Capital (EHC), reflected in innovation capability, proactiveness, adaptability, and opportunity recognition, has emerged as a critical resource for improving organizational effectiveness. This study synthesizes empirical evidence on the role of EHC in improving employee performance in public organizations. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA framework. Articles were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar. Thirty-one eligible studies were included in the final synthesis. The findings indicate that EHC enhances employee performance by strengthening initiative, adaptive decision-making, innovation, and problem-solving capacity. Innovative work behavior, knowledge sharing, and organizational learning were identified as key mediating mechanisms, whereas leadership support, organizational climate, and digital capability functioned as important moderating factors. These findings suggest that public organizations should prioritize capability-development strategies that foster innovation and adaptive behavior rather than relying solely on formal qualifications. Strengthening EHC may support sustainable employee performance and more responsive public service delivery, including in healthcare institutions.
Agung, A., Sriasih, K., Wartana, I. M. H., Adi, I. K. Y., & Suthanaya, I. P. B. (2021). The transformative impact of innovative work behavior on entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 312–326. https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v6i2.1278
Al-shami, S. A., Khalifa, A., Salim, M., & Akmal, S. (2022). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on innovation performance in the airport industry through learning orientation and strategic alignment. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2095887
Al-Tit, A. A., Al-Ayed, S., Alhammadi, A., Hunitie, M., Alsarayreh, A., & Albassam, W. (2022). The Impact of Employee Development Practices on Human Capital and Social Capital: The Mediating Contribution of Knowledge Management. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040218
Alyammahi, A. H., Sarker, A. E., & Zervopoulos, P. (2024). Linking Entrepreneurial Orientation, Learning Orientation, Organization Structure and the Growth of Government. Administrative Sciences, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14100250
Arabeche, Z., Soudani, A., Brahmi, M., Aldieri, L., Vinci, C. P., El, M., & Abdelli, A. (2022). Entrepreneurial orientation, organizational culture and business performance in SMEs: Evidence from an emerging economy. Sustainability, 14, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095160
Assanti, S. (2025). Configuring high-performance work systems in public administration: A set-theoretic approach to explain organizational performance in Swiss municipalities. Frontiers in Political Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2025.1504394
Auerbach, P., & Green, F. (2025). Reformulating the critique of human capital theory. Journal of Economic Surveys, 39, 1839–1851. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12675
Bachmann, N., Rose, R., Maul, V., & Hölzle, K. (2024). What makes for future entrepreneurs? The role of digital competencies for entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Business Research, 174(October 2022), 114481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114481
Bosma, N., Stam, E., & Zoetermeer, S. W. (2010). Intrapreneurship - An international study. Scientific Analysis of Entrepreneurship and SMEs, 12(1), 1–29. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/48322618_Intrepreneurship_-_An_International_Study
Braunerhjelm, P., & Henrekson, M. (2024). Unleashing Society’s Innovative Capacity (I). Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-42756-5
Braunerhjelm, P., & Lappi, E. (2023). Employees’ entrepreneurial human capital and firm performance. Research Policy, 52(2), 104703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2022.104703
Chang, L., & Liu, C. (2008). Employee empowerment, innovative behavior and job productivity of public health nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(10), 1442–1448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2007.12.006
Elamalki, D., Kaddar, A., & Beniich, N. (2024). Impact of motivation on the job performance of public sector employees: the case of Morocco. Future Business Journal, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-024-00342-4
Ercantan, K., Eyupoglu, S. Z., & Ercantan, Ö. (2024). The entrepreneurial leadership, innovative behaviour, and competitive advantage relationship in manufacturing companies: A key to manufactural development and sustainable business. Sustainability, 16, 2407. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062407
Faulks, B., Song, Y., Waiganjo, M., & Obrenovic, B. (2021). Impact of empowering leadership, innovative work, and organizational learning readiness on sustainable economic performance: An empirical study of companies in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 13(12465). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212465
Gunawan, A. F. (2024). The impact of entrepreneurial characteristics and competencies on business performance in the creative industry in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 18(3), 300–317. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-09-2023-0172
Hoed, M. W. Van Den, Backhaus, R., Vries, E. De, Hamers, J. P. H., & Daniëls, R. (2022). Factors contributing to innovation readiness in health care organizations: A scoping review. BMC Health Services Research, 22(997), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08185-x
Ihtiarna, L., & Astuti, W. D. (2025). Analysis of job satisfaction and motivation on employee performance in the Rafflesia hospitality industry. PUBLICUS: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.30598/publicusvol3iss1p10-20
Inthavong, P., Ur, K., & Masood, K. (2023). Impact of organizational learning on sustainable firm performance: Intervening effect of organizational networking and innovation. Heliyon, 9(5), e16177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16177
Isah Leontes, N., & Hoole, C. (2024). Bridging the Gap: Exploring the Impact of Human Capital Management on Employee Performance through Work Engagement. Administrative Sciences, 14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14060129
Javed, H. A., Khan, N. A., Michalk, S., Khan, N. U., & Kamran, M. (2023). High-Performance Work System and Innovation Capabilities: The Mediating Role of Intellectual Capital. Administrative Sciences, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13010023
Jean, G., Basilio, Q., Fredolin, J. P., & Magallanes, T. (2022). The effect of entrepreneurial mindset and work environment on employees' work performance. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 11(4), 77–94. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i4.1839
Jun, K., & Lee, J. (2023). Transformational leadership and followers' innovative behavior: Roles of commitment to change and organizational support for creativity. Behavioral Sciences, 13(320). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13040320
Karimi, S., Malek, F. A., & Farani, A. Y. (2023). The role of transformational leadership in developing innovative work behaviors: The mediating role of employees' psychological capital. Sustainability, 15(12267). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021267
Khuzaini, Muttaqin, I., Setiadi, B., Irpan, M., & Shaddiq, S. (2024). Human Resource Management in the Transformative Digital Era. International Journal of Religion, 3538(11), 4006–4021. https://ijor.co.uk/ijor/article/view/6574
Knol, J., & Linge, R. Van. (2009). Innovative Behaviour: The Effect of Structural and Psychological Empowerment on Nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(2), 359–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04876.x
Moric Milovanovic, B., Cvjetkovic, M., & Masovic, J. (2025). Public Sector Entrepreneurship: Present State and Research Avenues for the Future. Administrative Sciences, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15030071
Mutonyi, B. R., Slåtten, T., & Lien, G. (2021). Fostering innovative behavior in health organizations: A PLS-SEM analysis of Norwegian hospital employees. BMC Health Services Research, 1, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06505-1
Nuryanti, B. L., Masharyono, M., & Faishal, M. (2021). When employee performance affects the quality and quantity of the company: What is the role of work discipline and occupational safety and health (OSH)? Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 187(Gcbme 2020), 232–240. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210831.046
Oppi, C., Bagheri, A., & Vagnoni, E. (2020). Antecedents of innovative work behaviour in healthcare: Does efficacy play a role? International Journal of Public Sector Management, 33(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-12-2018-0267
Ouabi, Z., Douayri, K., Barboucha, F., & Boubker, O. (2024). Human Resource Practices and Job Performance: Insights from Public Administration. Societies, 14(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120247
Ratnasari, D., Utami, H. N., & Prasetya, A. (2023). The impacts of perceived organizational support and work environment on employee performance: The mediating effects of job satisfaction. Profit: Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 17(2), 267–281. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.profit.2023.017.02.10
Thuy, D. T. T., Viet, T. Q., Phuc, V. Van, Pham, T. H. D., Lan, N. T. N., & Ho, H. (2022). Impact of Leadership Behavior on Entrepreneurship in State-Owned Enterprises: Evidence from Civil Servant Management Aimed at Improving Accountability. Economies, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10100245
Vivona, R., Clausen, T. H., Gullmark, P., Cinar, E., & Demircioglu, M. A. (2025). Public sector entrepreneurship: an integrative review. Small Business Economics, 64(4), 1791–1815. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-024-00965-5
Xu, J., & Wei, W. (2023). A theoretical review on the role of knowledge sharing and intellectual capital in employees' innovative behaviors at work. Heliyon, 9(10), e20256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20256
Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright notice
Ownership of copyright
The copyright in this website and the material on this website (including without limitation the text, computer code, artwork, photographs, images, music, audio material, video material and audio-visual material on this website) is owned by JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN and its licensors.
Copyright license
JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN grants to you a worldwide non-exclusive royalty-free revocable license to:
- view this website and the material on this website on a computer or mobile device via a web browser;
- copy and store this website and the material on this website in your web browser cache memory; and
- print pages from this website for your use.
- All articles published by JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.
JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN does not grant you any other rights in relation to this website or the material on this website. In other words, all other rights are reserved.
For the avoidance of doubt, you must not adapt, edit, change, transform, publish, republish, distribute, redistribute, broadcast, rebroadcast or show or play in public this website or the material on this website (in any form or media) without appropriately and conspicuously citing the original work and source or JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN prior written permission.
Permissions
You may request permission to use the copyright materials on this website by writing to [email protected].
Enforcement of copyright
JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN takes the protection of its copyright very seriously.
If JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN discovers that you have used its copyright materials in contravention of the license above, JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN may bring legal proceedings against you seeking monetary damages and an injunction to stop you using those materials. You could also be ordered to pay legal costs.
If you become aware of any use of JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN copyright materials that contravenes or may contravene the license above, please report this by email to [email protected]
Infringing material
If you become aware of any material on the website that you believe infringes your or any other person's copyright, please report this by email to [email protected].
