Association Between Weather Variations and the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Semarang City
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Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) is still a huge public health problem globally and is associated with high morbidity. While the number of ARI cases in Semarang City from 293,408 (2023) to 380,486 (2024) increased by 29.7%. This study analyzes the relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of ARI in Semarang City in 2025, using secondary data on weekly ARI cases obtained from the Semarang City Health Office and meteorological variables (air temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed) from Meteorology and Climatology Agency.This study uses a time-series ecological study design with Spearman's rank correlation test. The results of the study, using a significance level of p < 0.05, indicate that air temperature and rainfall were not significantly related to ARI incidence at any lag period (p > 0.05). During the period of one to four weeks, there is a significant and negative correlation between humidity levels and the number of ARI cases. However, this correlation was not strong. Indicating that periods of increasing humidity generally were accompanied by a subsequent decline in ARI cases the week after. Wind speed showed a positive correlation with ARI incidence at a four-week lagged interval (r = 0.336; p = 0.020). Wind speeds were thus considered higher four weeks before ARI incidences occurred. ConclusionThe results indicate that both humidity and wind speed affect ARI incidence in a temporal context, implying that surveillance and intervention efforts must keep them in mind.
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